Blackfoot (Algonquian: Alberta) permits both morphologically transitive and intransitive verbs to take objects, but with different syntactic properties. This paper develops an analysis of the objects of morphologically intransitive verbs as pseudo-incorporated, in the sense introduced by Diane Massam. Diagnostic tests for the syntax and semantics of pseudo-incorporation are applied to objects of morphologically intransitive verbs. Regarding their external syntax, it is shown that pseudo-incorporated objects must be immediately post-verbal and form a VP constituent with the verb. As for their semantic properties, they are shown to be narrow-scoping, non-specific, indefinite, and cumulative in reference. With respect to their internal syntax, it is demonstrated that they can be modified by attributive adjectives and/or inflectional plural marking, but crucially they cannot host demonstrative determiners. By documenting pseudo-incorporated objects in Blackfoot, this paper contributes to the cross-linguistic evidence that incorporation can target phrasal constituents.

中文翻译：

---

Blackfoot 中的伪合并

Blackfoot（阿尔冈昆语：Alberta）允许形态及物动词和不及物动词带宾语，但具有不同的句法特性。本文根据黛安·马萨姆 (Diane Massam) 引入的意义，对作为伪并入的形态不及物动词的宾语进行了分析。伪合并的句法和语义的诊断测试适用于形态不及物动词的宾语。关于它们的外部句法，表明伪合并对象必须立即在动词后并与动词形成 VP 成分。至于它们的语义特性，它们被证明是范围狭窄的、非特定的、不确定的和累积的。关于它们的内部语法，已经证明它们可以通过定语形容词和/或屈折复数标记进行修饰，但至关重要的是，它们不能承载指示性限定词。通过记录 Blackfoot 中的伪合并对象，本文有助于提供跨语言证据，即合并可以针对短语成分。