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Pragmatics in the interpretation of scope ambiguities
Intercultural Pragmatics ( IF 1.923 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1515/ip-2019-0022 Valentina Apresjan
Intercultural Pragmatics ( IF 1.923 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1515/ip-2019-0022 Valentina Apresjan
Abstract This paper presents a corpus study of pragmatic factors involved in interpreting potentially ambiguous sentences with negation and universal quantifiers, as demonstrated by the Russian sentence Oni ne uspejut vsjo eto sdelat’ ‘They won’t have time to do all this.’ Ambiguity in such sentences results from potential differences in scope assignment. If negation scopes over the quantifier, we get the interpretation of partial negation: ‘They will manage to do some of these things, but not everything.’ If negation scopes over the verb, we get total negation: ‘They won’t manage to do anything.’ This study is based on Russian and English data extracted from a variety of corpora. We demonstrate that while syntactic conditions where scope ambiguity is possible are different for Russian and English, in situations when both languages allow it, speakers rely on the same pragmatic mechanisms for disambiguation that are based on Gricean cooperation principle and shared background knowledge. Disambiguation is facilitated by lexical markers, different for verb-negated and quantifier-negated readings, and similar in Russian and English. We show that the interpretation of the quantifier is pragmatically different for verb-negated and quantifier-negated readings (emphatic in the former case and quantificational in the latter), and lexical markers of each reading are semantically and pragmatically consistent with this difference. Namely, verb-negated readings occur primarily in the context of demonstrative pronouns in their pragmaticalized meaning of negative assessment and negatively connoted nouns, while quantifier-negated readings occur in the context of verbs with quantitative semantics and quantitative implicatures that consolidate the interpretation of quantification.
中文翻译:
范围歧义解释中的语用学
摘要本文对语用因素进行了语料库研究,这些语用因素涉及带有否定和通用量词的潜在歧义解释,如俄语句子Oni ne uspejut vsjo eto sdelat所表明的那样:“他们没有时间做所有这些事情。” 此类句子中的歧义是由于范围分配中的潜在差异引起的。如果否定的范围超出了量词的范围,我们将得到部分否定的解释:“它们将设法做某些事情,但不是全部。” 如果否定词的范围超出了动词,我们将得到完全否定的词:“他们将无能为力。” 这项研究基于从各种语料库中提取的俄语和英语数据。我们证明,尽管俄语和英语的可能出现范围歧义的句法条件有所不同,但在两种语言都允许的情况下,演讲者依靠基于Gricean合作原则和共享背景知识的相同歧义消除机制。词汇标记有助于消除歧义,动词否定和量词否定的读法不同,俄语和英语相似。我们表明,动词取反和量词取反的量词的量词解释在语用上是不同的(在前一种情况下为重音,在后一种情况下为量词),每种读物的词汇标记在语义和语用上均与此差异相符。也就是说,动词否定的读法主要出现在指示代词的语境中,它们的否定评估和否定含义的名词具有务实的意义,
更新日期:2019-08-27
中文翻译:
范围歧义解释中的语用学
摘要本文对语用因素进行了语料库研究,这些语用因素涉及带有否定和通用量词的潜在歧义解释,如俄语句子Oni ne uspejut vsjo eto sdelat所表明的那样:“他们没有时间做所有这些事情。” 此类句子中的歧义是由于范围分配中的潜在差异引起的。如果否定的范围超出了量词的范围,我们将得到部分否定的解释:“它们将设法做某些事情,但不是全部。” 如果否定词的范围超出了动词,我们将得到完全否定的词:“他们将无能为力。” 这项研究基于从各种语料库中提取的俄语和英语数据。我们证明,尽管俄语和英语的可能出现范围歧义的句法条件有所不同,但在两种语言都允许的情况下,演讲者依靠基于Gricean合作原则和共享背景知识的相同歧义消除机制。词汇标记有助于消除歧义,动词否定和量词否定的读法不同,俄语和英语相似。我们表明,动词取反和量词取反的量词的量词解释在语用上是不同的(在前一种情况下为重音,在后一种情况下为量词),每种读物的词汇标记在语义和语用上均与此差异相符。也就是说,动词否定的读法主要出现在指示代词的语境中,它们的否定评估和否定含义的名词具有务实的意义,