Open innovation (OI) has become increasingly popular as an enterprise strategy in both industry and academia, and has been adopted, at least in part, by many companies. Despite this popularity, there is a dearth of evaluation of OI efficiency and a lack of suitable quantitative indices. In this study, we used both Data Envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist techniques to compare the pre- and post-transition levels of performance achievement of Procter&Gamble (P&G), a widely recognised and public early adopter of OI, with a group of its main competitors. Most detailed analysis of the time-course revealed that the innovation efficiency of P&G improved rapidly and substantially after its embracing of OI, an effect we term the ‘open rise’. However, there is also a transient decline in R&D efficiency at the beginning of OI adoption (‘open dip’) and an unexpected and marked decline (‘open drop’) after the peak positive effect.

中文翻译：

---

开放式创新效率的起伏：以宝洁公司为例

开放式创新（OI）作为行业战略在学术界和学术界都越来越流行，并且至少部分地被许多公司采用。尽管很受欢迎，但缺乏对OI效率的评估，也缺乏合适的定量指标。在这项研究中，我们同时使用了数据包络分析（DEA）和Malmquist技术，比较了OI的广泛认可和公众早期采用的宝洁（P＆G）的过渡前后的绩效成就水平。主要竞争对手。对时间过程的最详细分析显示，宝洁公司在接受OI之后，其创新效率迅速而显着提高，我们称之为“开放式增长”。但是，R＆R也有短暂的下降