Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of identifying speaker stance in discourse, provide an analytical resource for it and an evaluation of the level of agreement across speakers. We also explore to what extent language users agree about what kind of stances are expressed in natural language use or whether their interpretations diverge. In order to perform this task, a comprehensive cognitive-functional framework of ten stance categories was developed based on previous work on speaker stance in the literature. A corpus of opinionated texts was compiled, the Brexit Blog Corpus (BBC). An analytical protocol and interface (Active Learning and Visual Analytics) for the annotations was set up and the data were independently annotated by two annotators. The annotation procedure, the annotation agreements and the co-occurrence of more than one stance in the utterances are described and discussed. The careful, analytical annotation process has returned satisfactory inter- and intra-annotation agreement scores, resulting in a gold standard corpus, the final version of the BBC.

中文翻译：

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在话语中注释说话者的立场：英国退欧博客语料库

摘要这项研究的目的是探讨在话语中识别说话人立场的可能性，为其提供分析资源并评估说话人之间的共识水平。我们还将探讨语言用户在何种程度上同意自然语言使用中会表达哪种立场，或者他们的解释是否有所不同。为了执行此任务，在文献中关于说话人姿势的先前工作的基础上，开发了一个由十个姿势类别组成的综合认知功能框架。英国脱欧博客语料库（BBC）汇编了一系列有争议的文本。设置了注释的分析协议和接口（主动学习和可视化分析），数据由两个注释器独立注释。注释程序，描述和讨论注解协议和在一种发音中同时出现一种以上的姿势。仔细的分析性注释过程返回了令人满意的注释间和注释内得分，从而形成了金标准的语料库，即BBC的最终版本。