The purpose of this paper is to explore the career shocks that young, newly graduated entrepreneurs experience in the process of starting a business.,The study adopted a qualitative approach, drawing upon 25 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs who recently graduated from university (up to the age of 30) in different European countries.,The analysis identifies several career shocks that can confront entrepreneurs before and after starting a business and reveals how these shocks influence graduates’ decisions to become and continue to be an entrepreneur.,The study sheds light on the diverse nature of career shocks and the importance of integrating agency concepts and environmental influences in career research. It identifies important factors relevant for school-to-work transition research and complements work in entrepreneurship research on necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship, push and pull motives, and entrepreneurial intentions.,Organizations can use the findings to attract and retain young entrepreneurial employees, while higher education organizations can use the findings to better prepare students for a successful transition into entrepreneurship, whether in the corporate or independent form.,The paper integrates the concept of career shocks with literature on entrepreneurship and offers a categorization of career shocks in the pathway to entrepreneurship.

中文翻译：

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冲击与企业家精神：对刚毕业的企业家的职业冲击的研究

本文的目的是探讨刚毕业的年轻企业家在创业过程中所遭受的职业冲击。该研究采用定性方法，对最近刚从大学毕业的企业家进行了25次半结构化访谈（向上该分析确定了在欧洲不同国家的30岁以下人士的经历。该分析确定了创业之前和之后企业家可能面临的几种职业冲击，并揭示了这些冲击如何影响毕业生成为和继续成为企业家的决定。阐明了职业冲击的多样性，以及在职业研究中整合代理概念和环境影响的重要性。它确定了与学校到工作过渡研究相关的重要因素，并补充了关于必要性和机会创业，推动和拉动动机以及创业意图的创业研究工作。组织可以利用这些发现来吸引和留住年轻的创业雇员，而更高教育组织可以利用调查结果更好地为学生做好准备，以企业或独立形式成功地过渡到企业家身份。本文将职业冲击的概念与有关企业家精神的文献相结合，并提供了通往企业家道路的职业冲击分类。组织可以利用调查结果来吸引和留住年轻的企业家雇员，而高等教育组织可以利用调查结果为学生更好地为学生成功地过渡为企业或独立形式的创业做好准备。本文将职业冲击的概念与有关企业家精神的文献，并提供了通往企业家精神途径中的职业冲击分类。组织可以利用调查结果来吸引和留住年轻的企业家雇员，而高等教育组织可以利用调查结果为学生更好地为学生成功地过渡为企业或独立形式的创业做好准备。本文将职业冲击的概念与有关企业家精神的文献，并提供了通往企业家精神途径中的职业冲击分类。