The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of adding a gentamicin palmitate (GP) coating and zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) to biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) to reduce biofilm formation. Cylindrical pins with and without a coating were incubated in Mller-Hinton broth inoculated with 2 10⁵ colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1 of Staphylococcus aureus for 2 d or 7 d, then sonicated to disrupt biofilms. Pure PHB (PHB + GP) and PHB pins with ZrO₂ added (PHBzr + GP) were coated with GP and compared with PHB pins lacking a coating (PHB). Cells (CFU) were counted to quantify the number of bacteria in the biofilm and a cell proliferation assay was employed to evaluate metabolic activity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize the structure of the biofilm. After 2 d of incubation there were significantly more cells in biofilms on PHB pins than PHB + GP and PHBzr + GP pins (p < 0.0001), and cells in the sonication fluid obtained from GP-coated pins exhibited significantly lower metabolic activity than cells from uncoated PHB pins (p < 0.0001). After 7 d of incubation metabolic activity was lowest for PHBzr + GP, with significant differences between PHB and PHBzr + GP (p = 0.001). SEM revealed more cells attached to the surface, and more structured biofilms, on pins without a coating. Coating pins with GP significantly reduced early biofilm formation on PHB implants. This could lower the potential risk of surgical site infections when using PHB implants. Addition of ZrO₂ might further enhance the antibacterial properties. Such modification of the implant material should therefore be considered when developing new biodegradable PHB implants.

本研究的目的是评估将庆大霉素棕榈酸酯 (GP) 涂层和二氧化锆 (ZrO ₂ ) 添加到可生物降解的聚 (3-羟基丁酸酯) (PHB) 以减少生物膜形成的抗菌效果。^{在接种有 2 10 5 个}菌落形成单位 (CFU) ml-1 的金黄色葡萄球菌的 Mller-Hinton 肉汤中培养带有和不带有涂层的圆柱形针2 天或 7 天，然后进行超声处理以破坏生物膜。纯 PHB (PHB + GP) 和带有 ZrO _{2的 PHB 引脚}添加的 (PHBzr + GP) 用 GP 涂层并与没有涂层 (PHB) 的 PHB 引脚进行比较。对细胞 (CFU) 进行计数以量化生物膜中的细菌数量，并采用细胞增殖测定法来评估代谢活性，并进行扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 以可视化生物膜的结构。孵育 2 天后，PHB 针上的生物膜中的细胞明显多于 PHB + GP 和 PHBzr + GP 针（p < 0.0001），并且从 GP 涂层针获得的超声处理液中的细胞表现出明显低于来自 GP 的细胞的代谢活性未涂层的 PHB 引脚 ( p < 0.0001)。孵育 7 d 后，PHBzr + GP 的代谢活性最低，PHB 和 PHBzr + GP 之间存在显着差异（p= 0.001)。 SEM 显示，在没有涂层的引脚上，更多的细胞附着在表面上，并且生物膜的结构更加结构化。 GP 涂层针显着减少了 PHB 植入物上的早期生物膜形成。这可以降低使用 PHB 植入物时手术部位感染的潜在风险。 ZrO _{2 的加入}可能会进一步增强抗菌性能。因此，在开发新的可生物降解的 PHB 植入物时，应考虑对植入物材料进行此类修改。