Abstract

Plants synthesize gibberellin (GA), a diterpenoid hormone, via ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) oxidation. GA has not been detected in the moss Physcomitrium patens despite its ability to synthesize KA. It was recently shown that a KA metabolite, 3OH-KA, was identified as an active regulator of protonema differentiation in P. patens. An inactive KA metabolite, 2OH-KA, was also identified in the moss, as was KA2ox, which is responsible for converting KA to 2OH-KA. In this review, we mainly discuss the GA biosynthetic gene homologs identified and characterized in bryophytes. We show the similarities and differences between the OH-KA control of moss and GA control of flowering plants. We also discuss using recent genomic studies; mosses do not contain KAO, even though other bryophytes do. This absence of KAO in mosses corresponds to the presence of KA2ox, which is absent in other vascular plants. Thus, given that 2OH-KA and 3OH-KA were isolated from ferns and flowering plants, respectively, vascular plants may have evolved from ancestral bryophytes that originally produced 3OH-KA and GA.

中文翻译：

---

不同于赤霉素的激素二萜类化合物调节青苔Physcomitrium patens的前体分化。

摘要

植物通过对映-月桂酸（KA）氧化合成赤霉素（GA），一种双萜类激素。尽管其具有合成KA的能力，但尚未在苔藓的Physcomitrium patens中检测到GA 。最近显示，KA代谢物3OH-KA被鉴定为P. patens中原蛋白分化的活性调节剂。。在苔藓中还发现了一种非活性的KA代谢产物2OH-KA，以及负责将KA转化为2OH-KA的KA2ox。在这篇综述中，我们主要讨论在苔藓植物中鉴定和表征的GA生物合成基因同源物。我们显示了苔藓的OH-KA控制与开花植物的GA控制之间的异同。我们还将讨论使用最近的基因组研究；即使其他苔藓植物包含，苔藓也不包含KAO。苔藓中不存在KAO对应于其他维管植物中不存在的KA2ox。因此，假设分别从蕨类植物和开花植物中分离出2OH-KA和3OH-KA，维管植物可能已经从最初产生3OH-KA和GA的祖先苔藓植物演化而来。