Water reuse is becoming an increasing necessity due to depleted water resources or increased water demand. A treatment process on a pilot scale was designed to produce different water qualities for different applications in industry or agriculture. We report here microbiological changes along the modular process using treated municipal wastewater effluent as raw water. Treatment technologies included coagulation, ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), quartz sand, activated granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration and disinfection. Elimination of traditional hygiene indicator bacteria was already achieved by ultrafiltration as the first barrier. Profound changes by each treatment step also applied to the microbiome. Total and intact cell concentrations as quantified by flow cytometry underwent a strong decline after UF and RO, whereas biological stabilization was achieved through quartz sand filtration and GAC passage. Interestingly assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was still present even after RO at levels that allowed substantial regrowth of bacteria. Overall, UF and RO led only to a 0.43 and 0.78 log decrease in intact cells concentrations in stagnated water after regrowth compared with 6.5 log intact cells/ml in the stagnated raw water. Temperature was shown to be an important parameter determining the microbiome of the regrown population. Regrowth could, however, be efficiently suppressed by monochloramine.

由于水资源枯竭或水需求增加，对水的再利用正变得越来越必要。设计了中试规模的处理工艺，以生产出不同质量的水，以用于工业或农业中的不同应用。我们在这里报告了使用处理过的市政废水作为原水的模块化过程中的微生物变化。处理技术包括混凝，超滤（UF），反渗透（RO），石英砂，活性颗粒活性炭（GAC）过滤和消毒。作为第一道屏障，超滤已经消除了传统的卫生指示剂细菌。每个治疗步骤的深刻变化也适用于微生物组。用超滤和反渗透后，通过流式细胞仪确定的总细胞浓度和完整细胞浓度均出现了大幅下降，而生物稳定是通过石英砂过滤和GAC通道实现的。有趣的是，即使在RO后，同化有机碳（AOC）仍然存在，其水平可使细菌大量再生。总体而言，相比于停滞原水中的6.5 log完整细胞/ ml，UF和RO仅导致再生后停滞水中的完整细胞浓度下降0.43和0.78 log。温度是决定重生种群微生物组的重要参数。但是，一氯胺可以有效地抑制再生长。与停滞原水中的6.5 log完整细胞/ ml相比，再生后停滞水中的完整细胞浓度降低了78 log。温度是决定重生种群微生物组的重要参数。但是，一氯胺可以有效地抑制再生长。与停滞原水中的6.5 log完整细胞/ ml相比，再生后停滞水中的完整细胞浓度降低了78 log。温度是决定重生种群微生物组的重要参数。但是，一氯胺可以有效地抑制再生长。