ABSTRACT

Native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia, Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae) has invaded natural and human-modified wetlands worldwide. This species is considered a noxious weed in several countries including Argentina, South Africa and New Zealand. Its broad ecological tolerance, high resilience and reproductive potential make current mechanical and chemical control measures cost-ineffective, and biological control is considered a suitable alternative. In order to prioritise candidate biocontrol agents, a list of organisms reported to attack the plant within its native range has been assembled, and information about their host-range and damaging potential gathered from the literature. Furthermore, surveys for natural enemies of the plant were conducted in Belgium and northern Italy. The insect fauna associated with I. pseudacorus at the sites surveyed comprised mostly incidental visitors and polyphagous feeders, with the exception of the sawfly Rhadinoceraea micans Klug (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), the seed weevil Mononychus punctumalbum Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the flea beetle Aphthona nonstriata Goeze (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The potential of these species for biocontrol was evaluated, and A. nonstriata was given highest priority. A population of this species was imported to quarantine in South Africa, where it is currently undergoing host-specificity testing. Importation of the two remaining candidates is expected shortly. In conclusion, the prospects for the biological control of I. pseudacorus appear promising.

抽象的

Iris pseudacorus原产于欧洲，北非和西亚L.（鸢尾科）已入侵世界各地的自然和人工改造的湿地。该物种在阿根廷，南非和新西兰等多个国家被认为是有害杂草。其广泛的生态耐受性，高复原力和繁殖潜力使当前的机械和化学控制措施成本低效，而生物控制被认为是合适的替代方法。为了确定候选生物防治剂的优先级，已汇编了一份据报告在其天然范围内攻击植物的生物清单，并从文献中收集了有关其宿主范围和潜在破坏力的信息。此外，在比利时和意大利北部对这种植物的天敌进行了调查。与假单胞菌有关的昆虫动物区系在网站接受调查主要包含偶然的游客和多食性馈线，与叶蜂除外Rhadinoceraea藻克卢格（膜翅目：叶蜂科），种子象鼻虫Mononychus punctumalbum赫布斯特（鞘翅目：象甲科），以及跳甲Aphthona nonstriata Goeze（鞘翅目：叶甲）。对这些物种进行生物防治的潜力进行了评估，并优先考虑了非条纹线虫。该种群的一部分被进口到南非的检疫中，目前正在南非进行宿主特异性测试。预计不久将输入剩余的两个候选对象。总之，假单胞菌的生物防治前景 看起来很有希望。