The importance of porcine species for meat production is undeniable. Due to the genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans, from a biomedical point of view, pig is considered an ideal animal model for the study and development of new therapies for human diseases. The in vitro production (IVP) of porcine embryos has become widespread as a result of these qualities and there is significant demand for these embryos for research purposes. However, the efficiency of porcine embryo IVP remains very low, which hinders its use as a model for research. The high degree of polyspermic fertilization is the main problem that affects in vitro fertilization (IVF) in porcine species. Furthermore, oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is another important step that could be related to polyspermic fertilization and low embryo production. The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that produces nitric oxide (NO), has been detected in the oviduct, the ovary, the oocyte and the sperm cell of porcine species. Its functions include regulating oviductal activity, ovulation, acquisition of meiotic competence, oocyte activation, sperm capacitation, and gamete interaction. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of NO/NOS system in each of the steps that lead to the production of porcine embryos in an in vitro environment, i.e. IVM, sperm capacitation, IVF, and embryo culture. We also discuss the possible ways in which the NO/NOS system could be used to enhance IVP of porcine embryos.

不可否认，猪种对肉类生产的重要性。由于与人类在遗传，解剖和生理上的相似性，从生物医学的角度来看，猪被认为是研究和开发人类疾病新疗法的理想动物模型。由于这些特性，猪胚胎的体外生产（IVP）已变得很普遍，出于研究目的，对这些胚胎有大量需求。然而，猪胚胎IVP的效率仍然很低，这阻碍了其用作研究模型。高度多精子受精是影响猪体外受精（IVF）的主要问题。此外，卵母细胞体外成熟（IVM）是另一个重要步骤，可能与多精子受精和低胚胎产生有关。一氧化氮合酶（NOS）（一种产生一氧化氮（NO）的酶）的存在已在猪的输卵管，卵巢，卵母细胞和精细胞中被检测到。它的功能包括调节输卵管活动，排卵，减数分裂能力获得，卵母细胞活化，精子获能和配子相互作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关NO / NOS系统在体外环境中导致猪胚胎生产的每个步骤中的作用的当前知识，即IVM，精子获能，IVF和胚胎培养。我们还讨论了NO / NOS系统可用于增强猪胚胎IVP的可能方式。猪卵母细胞和精子细胞。它的功能包括调节输卵管活动，排卵，减数分裂能力获得，卵母细胞活化，精子获能和配子相互作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关NO / NOS系统在体外环境中导致猪胚胎生产的每个步骤中的作用的当前知识，即IVM，精子获能，IVF和胚胎培养。我们还讨论了NO / NOS系统可用于增强猪胚胎IVP的可能方式。猪卵母细胞和精子细胞。它的功能包括调节输卵管活动，排卵，减数分裂能力获得，卵母细胞活化，精子获能和配子相互作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关NO / NOS系统在体外环境中导致猪胚胎生产的每个步骤中的作用的当前知识，即IVM，精子获能，IVF和胚胎培养。我们还讨论了NO / NOS系统可用于增强猪胚胎IVP的可能方式。我们总结了有关NO / NOS系统在体外环境中导致猪胚胎生产的每个步骤中的作用的最新知识，即IVM，精子获能，IVF和胚胎培养。我们还讨论了NO / NOS系统可用于增强猪胚胎IVP的可能方式。我们总结了有关NO / NOS系统在体外环境中导致猪胚胎生产的每个步骤中的作用的最新知识，即IVM，精子获能，IVF和胚胎培养。我们还讨论了NO / NOS系统可用于增强猪胚胎IVP的可能方式。