Cataloguing the effects of different types of stress on behaviour and physiology in rodent models has not been comprehensively attempted. Here, we systematically review whether chronic exposure to physical stress, psychosocial stress, or both types of stress, can induce different behavioural and neurobiological outcomes in male and female rodents. We found that physical stress consistently increased depressive-like behaviour, impaired social interaction and decreased body weight, while psychosocial stress consistently increased both anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour, impaired social interaction and learning and memory, increased HPA axis activity, peripheral inflammation and microglial activation and decreased neurogenesis in male rodents. Moreover, we found that the combined effect of both stress types resulted in a more severe pathological state defined by increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour, impaired social interaction and learning and memory, increased HPA axis activity and central inflammation, and reduced neurogenesis and neural plasticity in male rodents. Phenotypes for females were less consistent, irrespective of the type of stress exposure, on account of the limited number of studies using females. This review highlights that the type of stress may indeed matter and will help animal researchers to more appropriately choose a stress/depression model that fits their research purposes.

中文翻译：

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在啮齿动物模型中，不同类型的压力是否会不同地改变与抑郁症相关的行为和神经生物学结果？系统评价

尚未全面尝试对啮齿动物模型中不同类型的压力对行为和生理学的影响进行分类。在这里，我们系统地回顾了长期暴露于身体压力、心理社会压力或两种类型的压力是否会在雄性和雌性啮齿动物中诱发不同的行为和神经生物学结果。我们发现，身体压力持续增加抑郁样行为、社交互动受损和体重下降，而社会心理压力持续增加焦虑和抑郁样行为、社交互动和学习记忆受损、HPA 轴活动增加、外周炎症和雄性啮齿动物的小胶质细胞活化和神经发生减少。而且，我们发现两种压力类型的综合作用导致更严重的病理状态，其定义为焦虑和抑郁样行为增加、社交互动和学习和记忆受损、HPA 轴活动和中枢炎症增加、神经发生和神经可塑性降低在雄性啮齿动物中。由于使用女性的研究数量有限，女性的表型不太一致，无论压力暴露的类型如何。这篇综述强调压力的类型可能确实很重要，并将帮助动物研究人员更恰当地选择适合其研究目的的压力/抑郁模型。并减少雄性啮齿动物的神经发生和神经可塑性。由于使用女性的研究数量有限，女性的表型不太一致，无论压力暴露的类型如何。这篇综述强调压力的类型可能确实很重要，并将帮助动物研究人员更恰当地选择适合其研究目的的压力/抑郁模型。并减少雄性啮齿动物的神经发生和神经可塑性。由于使用女性的研究数量有限，女性的表型不太一致，无论压力暴露的类型如何。这篇综述强调压力的类型可能确实很重要，并将帮助动物研究人员更恰当地选择适合其研究目的的压力/抑郁模型。