Precision medicine promises to better classify patients by individual clinical and biological biomarkers, which may provide an accurate assessment of disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. Cancer frequently displays substantial inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity and hence oncology is well suited for application of precision approaches. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs play pivotal roles in tumor heterogeneity. In this review, attention is focused on the potential applications of lncRNAs as biomarker candidates for cancer risk evaluation, detection, surveillance and prognosis. LncRNAs are often stable in clinical samples and easily detected. The functional implications and therapeutic potential of targeting lncRNAs in human cancer are further discussed. Finally, existing deficiencies and future perspectives in translating fundamental lncRNA knowledge into clinical practice are highlighted.

精准医疗有望通过个体临床和生物生物标志物更好地对患者进行分类，这可以提供对疾病风险、诊断、预后和治疗反应的准确评估。癌症经常表现出大量的肿瘤间和肿瘤内异质性，因此肿瘤学非常适合精确方法的应用。最近的研究表明，失调的 lncRNA 在肿瘤异质性中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，注意力集中在 lncRNA 作为癌症风险评估、检测、监测和预后的候选生物标志物的潜在应用上。LncRNA 在临床样本中通常是稳定的，易于检测。进一步讨论了靶向 lncRNA 在人类癌症中的功能意义和治疗潜力。最后，