The minimum energy consumption in cities of the Russian Plain is largely determined by climatic conditions, because residential heating in winter is a vital necessity. Therefore, the specific heat demand (SHD)—an estimate for the climatically driven minimum energy demand for heating 1 m2 of living space—is proposed as an economically significant indicator of regional climate change. Calculated SHD values obtained from numerical experiments with the INM-CM5.0 climate model indicate a possible downward trend in SHD observed in cities of the Russian Plain in 1950–2014. The proposed indicator makes it possible to estimate the scale of the problem arising from the need to adapt urban energy systems to reduced energy consumption for heating, using data from numerical experiments with climate system models.

中文翻译：

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气候驱动的俄罗斯欧洲部分中心城市供暖能源需求最低

俄罗斯平原城市的最低能耗在很大程度上取决于气候条件，因为冬季住宅供暖是必不可少的。因此，比热需求 (SHD)——对气候驱动的最小能源需求的估计，用于加热 1 平方米的生活空间——被提议作为区域气候变化的重要经济指标。从 INM-CM5.0 气候模型的数值实验中获得的计算 SHD 值表明 1950-2014 年在俄罗斯平原城市观察到的 SHD 可能呈下降趋势。拟议的指标可以使用气候系统模型的数值实验数据，估计因需要调整城市能源系统以减少供暖能源消耗而引起的问题的规模。