Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment ( IF 2.118 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09844-1 Pallavi Aurora , Karin G. Coifman
Social anxiety is characterized by heightened fear and anxiety associated with social situations, resulting in the use of avoidance behaviors. Contemporary models suggest that some individuals with social anxiety may choose to completely avoid social situations, while others may seek social connections and interactions and utilize avoidance behaviors such as substance use as a means of distress tolerance, while engaging in these situations. Our aim is to test a theoretical model whereby extraversion could help to explain the heterogenous nature of social anxiety in relation to these behaviors. Lower levels of extraversion have been commonly associated with withdrawal behaviors and higher levels of extraversion have been associated with behaviors commonly enacted in social situations. Understanding factors which predict the use of one behavior over another is imperative to the conceptualization and successful treatment of patients with social anxiety. A sample of 195 college students completed self-report measures and a 10-day experience sampling diary with five diary signals each day. Participants were asked to rate their current negative emotions and behaviors during each diary signal. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we tested the association between social anxiety symptoms and negative affect predicting engagement in substance use or social avoidance and tested whether extraversion moderated this association. Negative affect was included as a covariate given the established associations between elevations in negative affect predicting both behaviors. Results indicated that higher levels of social anxiety symptoms and negative affectivity increased the probability of social avoidance and substance use, and extraversion was a significant predictor for only substance use. Moderation analysis indicated that extraversion moderated the relationship between social anxiety and substance use, suggesting a stronger positive relationship between substance use and social anxiety for individuals higher in extraversion. However, extraversion was not a significant moderator between social anxiety and social avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that extraversion could be a key factor predicting the use of substances amongst individuals with social anxiety and may need further consideration in treatment.
中文翻译:
解开社交回避和社交焦虑中的物质使用:外向性解释行为变异性吗?
社交焦虑的特征是与社交场合相关的恐惧和焦虑加剧,导致使用回避行为。当代模型表明,一些有社交焦虑的人可能选择完全避免社交情况,而另一些人则可能会寻求社交联系和互动,并在参与这些情况时利用诸如滥用毒品等回避行为作为承受压力的手段。我们的目的是测试一种理论模型,通过这种模型外向性可以帮助解释与这些行为相关的社交焦虑的异质性。较低水平的外向性通常与退缩行为相关,较高水平的外向性通常与社交场合中常见的行为相关。了解能够预测一种行为优先于另一种行为的因素,对于社交焦虑症患者的概念化和成功治疗至关重要。195名大学生的样本完成了自我报告措施,并做了10天的经验抽样日记,每天有5条日记信号。要求参与者在每个日记信号期间对他们当前的负面情绪和行为进行评分。使用多级建模方法,我们测试了社交焦虑症状与预测参与毒品使用或社交回避的负面影响之间的关联,并测试了外向性是否缓解了这种关联。假设负面影响的升高之间建立的关联可预测两种行为,则负面影响作为协变量包括在内。结果表明,较高水平的社交焦虑症状和负面情感增加了社交回避和吸毒的可能性,而外向性仅是吸毒的重要预测指标。适度分析表明,外向性缓解了社交焦虑与药物滥用之间的关系,这表明外向性较高的个体在药物滥用和社交焦虑之间具有更强的正向关系。然而,外向并不是社交焦虑和社交回避之间的重要调节器。总体而言,研究结果表明,外向性可能是预测社交焦虑症患者使用该物质的关键因素,在治疗中可能需要进一步考虑。外向性仅是物质使用的重要预测指标。适度分析表明,外向性缓解了社交焦虑与药物滥用之间的关系,这表明外向性较高的个体在药物滥用和社交焦虑之间具有更强的正向关系。然而,外向并不是社交焦虑和社交回避之间的重要调节器。总体而言,研究结果表明,外向性可能是预测社交焦虑症患者使用该物质的关键因素,在治疗中可能需要进一步考虑。外向性仅是物质使用的重要预测指标。适度分析表明,外向性缓解了社交焦虑与药物滥用之间的关系,这表明外向性较高的个体在药物滥用和社交焦虑之间具有更强的正向关系。然而,外向并不是社交焦虑和社交回避之间的重要调节器。总体而言,研究结果表明,外向性可能是预测社交焦虑症患者使用该物质的关键因素,在治疗中可能需要进一步考虑。这表明外向性较高的人在物质使用和社交焦虑之间有更强的正向关系。然而,外向并不是社交焦虑和社交回避之间的重要调节器。总体而言,研究结果表明,外向性可能是预测社交焦虑症患者使用该物质的关键因素,在治疗中可能需要进一步考虑。这表明外向性较高的人在物质使用和社交焦虑之间有更强的正向关系。然而,外向并不是社交焦虑和社交回避之间的重要调节器。总体而言,研究结果表明,外向性可能是预测社交焦虑症患者使用该物质的关键因素,在治疗中可能需要进一步考虑。