In this paper a systemic approach that combines Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy information axiomatic design (TIFIAD) is proposed to identify the risk of railway dangerous goods transportation system (RDNGTS), which has seven steps: (1) identify potential risk factors and risk sub-indicators of RDNGTS; (2) define the failure criterion of severity of failures (S), portability of occurrence (O) and possibility of detection (D) of FMEA based on trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TrIFNs); (3) invite experts to score the TrIFNs of S, O and D for each risk sub-indicator; (4) aggregate the TrIFNs of S, O and D for each risk sub-indicator; (5) calculate the TIFIAD of each risk sub-indicator; (6) calculate the total TIFIAD of each risk sub-indicator; (7) calculate the total TIFIAD of each risk factor. Compared with FMEA, FMEA–TIFIAD has the following improvements: (1) The TrIFNs are applied to score the S, O and D of each risk sub-indicator of RDNGTS; (2) The TIFIAD of the S, O and D are calculated for each risk sub-indicator, the product of the S, O and D could replace the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of FMEA; (3) The Entropy Weight Method is used to calculate the weight of each risk sub-indicator. The calculation results show that the potential human risk should be paid more attentions; the FMEA–TIFIAD is more reliable and accurate than FMEA. Finally the improvement suggestions for managers and operators of RDNGTS are given.

本文提出了一种结合故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）与梯形直觉模糊信息公理化设计（TIFIAD）的系统方法来识别铁路危险品运输系统（RDNGTS）的风险，该方法分为七个步骤：（1）确定RDNGTS的潜在风险因素和风险子指标；（2）基于梯形直觉模糊数（TrIFN）定义FMEA的严重程度（S），发生的可携带性（O）和检测可能性（D）的失败准则; （3）邀请专家对每个风险子指标的S，O和D的TrIFN评分；（4）汇总每个风险子指标的S，O和D的TrIFN；（5）计算每个风险子指标的TIFIAD；（6）计算每个风险子指标的总TIFIAD；（7）计算每个风险因素的总TIFIAD。与FMEA相比，FMEA-TIFIAD具有以下改进：（1）TrIFN用于对RDNGTS的每个风险子指标的S，O和D进行评分；（2）针对每个风险子指标计算S，O和D的TIFIAD，S，O和D的乘积可以代替FMEA的风险优先级编号（RPN）；（3）熵权法用于计算每个风险子指标的权重。计算结果表明，应更加重视潜在的人为风险。FMEA-TIFIAD比FMEA更可靠，更准确。最后给出了对RDNGTS的管理者和运营者的改进建议。针对每个风险子指标计算O和D，S，O和D的乘积可以代替FMEA的风险优先级编号（RPN）；（3）熵权法用于计算每个风险子指标的权重。计算结果表明，应进一步关注潜在的人为风险。FMEA-TIFIAD比FMEA更可靠，更准确。最后给出了对RDNGTS的管理者和运营者的改进建议。针对每个风险子指标计算O和D，S，O和D的乘积可以代替FMEA的风险优先级编号（RPN）；（3）熵权法用于计算每个风险子指标的权重。计算结果表明，应进一步关注潜在的人为风险。FMEA-TIFIAD比FMEA更可靠，更准确。最后给出了对RDNGTS的管理者和运营者的改进建议。