This study considered whether children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder displayed a stronger preference for smaller, more immediate rewards over larger, but delayed rewards (delay aversion) when compared to typically developing controls and, furthermore, whether age and gender influenced their preference in any way. Children, between 6 and 15 years of age, living in Limpopo province of South Africa, participated in the study. Two hundred sixteen children in total (108 with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and 108 matched controls without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms) were assessed, on a task of delay aversion. The Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm, which assesses immediate and delayed responses, was administered to both the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups. The performance of both groups was compared on the Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm, and the scores were analysed as a function of gender and age. The attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group chose significantly more immediate, smaller responses than the neurotypical control group, which preferred significantly more delayed but larger responses. Gender and age did not affect the response choices for both immediate and delayed measurements. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder show a greater need for more immediate gratification, even if the reward is smaller, than the neurotypical control group who could delay gratification to receive a larger reward. Gender and age did not influence their preferences.

这项研究考虑了注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童相对于典型的发展中的对照者，是否显示出更大的偏好，即较小，更直接的奖励比较大但延迟的奖励（延迟厌恶）更重要；此外，年龄和性别是否会影响他们的偏好道路。居住在南非林波波省的6至15岁的儿童参加了这项研究。评估了总共161名儿童（108名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍和108名匹配的对照者没有注意力缺陷多动障碍的症状），进行了延迟厌恶的任务。对注意力缺陷多动障碍和对照组均采用了“二选一冲动模式”，该模式评估了立即和延迟的反应。两组的表现在“冲动选择冲动模式”上进行了比较，并根据性别和年龄对得分进行了分析。注意缺陷多动障碍组选择的反应明显快于神经型对照组，后者倾向于明显更多的延迟但更大的反应。性别和年龄均不影响立即和延迟测量的响应选择。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童显示出更大的需要更直接的满足感，即使奖励较小，后者也会延迟满足感而获得更大的奖励。性别和年龄没有影响他们的偏好。注意缺陷多动障碍组选择的反应明显快于神经型对照组，后者倾向于明显更多的延迟但更大的反应。性别和年龄均不影响立即和延迟测量的响应选择。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童显示出更大的需要更直接的满足感，即使奖励较小，后者也会延迟满足感而获得更大的奖励。性别和年龄没有影响他们的偏好。注意缺陷多动障碍组选择的反应明显快于神经型对照组，后者倾向于明显更多的延迟但更大的反应。性别和年龄均不影响立即和延迟测量的响应选择。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童显示出更大的需要更直接的满足感，即使奖励较小，后者也会延迟满足感而获得更大的奖励。性别和年龄没有影响他们的偏好。性别和年龄均不影响立即和延迟测量的响应选择。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童显示出更大的需要更直接的满足感，即使奖励较小，后者也会延迟满足感而获得更大的奖励。性别和年龄没有影响他们的偏好。性别和年龄均不影响立即和延迟测量的响应选择。与神经典型对照组相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童显示出更大的需要更直接的满足感，即使奖励较小，后者也会延迟满足感而获得更大的奖励。性别和年龄没有影响他们的偏好。