Few scholars have considered the racial socialization that Black mothers offer to their daughters on racial discrimination and violence or how mothers’ other social identities (social class and ethnicity) may influence their discourse on these topics. To address this gap, we used consensual qualitative research methods to explore the racial socialization that 47 Black college women recalled from their mothers on racial discrimination and violence during their formative years. The following themes emerged: (a) the nature of Black mothers’ socialization on racial discrimination (consistent messaging, messaging focused on sons, more socialization in response to police shootings, anti-Black messaging from immigrant mothers, and absence of messages) and (b) the ways that mothers socialized their daughters to respond to racial discrimination (self-advocacy, get home safe, code switching, and take the high road). Participants described how their mothers’ socialization messages reflected their personal race-related beliefs and experiences including perceptions of the United States racial climate. Our findings highlight the need for socialization in Black family contexts that addresses the unique and intersectional experiences of Black girls. In particular, scholars and practitioners must draw attention to how racism and sexism contribute to the state-sanctioned violence that Black women and girls experience.

很少有学者考虑过黑人母亲因种族歧视和暴力而向女儿提供的种族社会化，或母亲的其他社会身份（社会阶层和种族）如何影响他们在这些话题上的论述。为了解决这一差距，我们使用了协商一致的定性研究方法，探讨了47位黑人大学女性在其成年时期从母亲那里召回的关于种族歧视和暴力的种族社会化问题。出现了以下主题：（a）黑人母亲因种族歧视而进行社会化的性质（一致的信息传递，针对儿子的信息传递，针对警察枪击事件的更多社会化，来自移民母亲的反黑人信息传递，（b）母亲对女儿进行社交以应对种族歧视（自我倡导，安全回家，密码转换和上路）的方式。参与者描述了母亲的社交信息如何反映他们与种族有关的信念和经历，包括对美国种族气候的看法。我们的发现强调了黑人家庭背景下的社会化需求，以解决黑人女孩的独特和交叉经历。特别是，学者和从业人员必须提请注意种族主义和性别歧视如何助长了黑人妇女所遭受的国家认可的暴力。参与者描述了母亲的社交信息如何反映他们与种族有关的信念和经历，包括对美国种族气候的看法。我们的发现强调了黑人家庭背景下的社会化需求，以解决黑人女孩的独特和交叉经历。特别是，学者和从业人员必须提请注意种族主义和性别歧视如何助长了黑人妇女所遭受的国家认可的暴力。参与者描述了母亲的社交信息如何反映他们与种族有关的信念和经历，包括对美国种族气候的看法。我们的发现强调了黑人家庭背景下的社会化需求，以解决黑人女孩的独特和交叉经历。特别是，学者和从业人员必须提请注意种族主义和性别歧视如何助长了黑人妇女所遭受的国家认可的暴力。