This essay adopts an interdisciplinary approach to consider the meaning of “eco-crime” in the aquatic environment and draws on marine science, the study of criminal law and environmental law, and the criminology of environmental harms. It reviews examples of actions and behaviors of concern, such as offences committed by transnational organized crime and the legal and illegal over-exploitation of marine resources, and it discusses responses related to protection, prosecution and punishment, including proposals for an internationally accepted and enforced law of ecocide. One key element of the policy and practice of ending ecocide is the call to prioritize the adoption of technologies that are benign and renewable. Our essay concludes with a description of the “Almadraba” method of fishing to illustrate that there are ways in which the principles of sustainability and restoration can be applied in an ethical and just way in the context of modern fisheries.

本文采用跨学科的方法来考虑水环境中“生态犯罪”的含义，并借鉴海洋科学、刑法和环境法研究以及环境危害犯罪学。它回顾了令人关注的行动和行为的例子，例如跨国有组织犯罪所犯的罪行以及对海洋资源的合法和非法过度开发，并讨论了与保护、起诉和惩罚有关的对策，包括关于国际接受和强制执行的建议生态灭绝法。结束生态灭绝的政策和实践的一个关键要素是呼吁优先采用良性和可再生技术。