Promise programs are proliferating across the United States, with wide variation in their design. Using national data on 33 Promise programs affecting single, 2-year colleges, this study examines program effects on first-time, full-time college enrollments of students by race/ethnicity and gender classification. Results suggest Promise programs are associated with large percent increases in enrollments of Black and Hispanic students, especially students classified as females, at eligible colleges. Promise programs with merit requirements are associated with higher enrollment of White and Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander female students; those with income requirements are negatively associated with enrollment of most demographic groups. More generous Promise programs are associated with greater enrollment increases among demographic groups with historically higher levels of postsecondary attainment.

承诺计划在美国各地激增，其设计也有很大差异。这项研究使用影响到一所2年制大学的33个Promise项目的国家数据，通过种族/民族和性别分类研究了该项目对初次，全日制大学入学的学生的影响。结果表明，承诺计划与合格的大学中黑人和西班牙裔学生（尤其是被归类为女性的学生）的入学率大幅提高相关。有条件的承诺计划与白人和亚裔，夏威夷原住民或太平洋岛民女学生的入学率增加有关；那些有收入要求的人与大多数人口群体的入学负相关。