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Autism in the Western Cape province of South Africa: Rates, socio-demographics, disability and educational characteristics in one million school children
Autism ( IF 6.684 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 , DOI: 10.1177/1362361320978042
Sarosha Pillay 1, 2 , Madeleine Duncan 1 , Petrus J de Vries 2
Affiliation  

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in South Africa is unknown and, to date, very little research has been performed within school systems that could inform the rates, distribution and profile of needs of children with autism spectrum disorder in education. We performed a comprehensive database search of all children with autism spectrum disorder in the formal education system in the Western Cape province of South Africa and compared the findings with population demographic expectations of the province. From a population of 1,154,353 children attending schools in the province, a total of 940 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were identified, representing a rate of 0.08%. The male: female ratio was 5.5:1. There was a significant difference in the self-reported racial and language composition of the autism spectrum disorder sample compared with the Western Cape demographics where a higher proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder were from White racial groups and English-speaking homes. Eighty-nine percent of children with autism spectrum disorder were in Special Schools and only 10% were in Ordinary/Mainstream Schools. Most of the children (83%) attended schools in the City of Cape Town and only 17% in rural areas. Co-occurring intellectual disability was reported in 22.2% of the population, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2.6% and epilepsy in 0.7%. Data showed a 76.03% increase in autism spectrum disorder in schools between 2012 and 2016, with an average increase of 15.18% per year. Findings suggested an under-representation of autism spectrum disorder in schools and an under-identification of co-occurring conditions. Results indicate that despite being one of the better-resourced provinces in South Africa, the Western Cape is not equipped to identify and meet the culturally and linguistically diverse needs of its communities. We propose strengthening of educational systems for children with autism spectrum disorder in the Western Cape, and similar investigations in other South African provinces.

Lay abstract

There is very little information about autism spectrum disorder in South Africa and not much is known about children with autism spectrum disorder and their educational needs. In this study, we searched for all children with autism spectrum disorder attending schools in the Western Cape province of South Africa and compared our findings with the profile of people living in the province. We found fewer children with autism spectrum disorder in schools than expected (0.08%) and co-occurring conditions (intellectual disability = 22.2%, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder = 2.6% and epilepsy = 0.7%) were reported at lower rates. More children were from White racial groups and from English-speaking homes compared with the Western Cape population demographics. Most of the children (89%) attended schools for children with Special Educational Needs and only 10% were in Ordinary/Mainstream schools. Eighty-three percent attended schools in urban areas and 17% in rural areas. There was a 76.03% increase in children with autism spectrum disorder in schools between 2012 and 2016. Our findings support the need for better identification and reporting of children with autism spectrum disorder in the education system. We propose urgent review and strengthening of education systems for children with autism spectrum disorder in the Western Cape province and in other parts of South Africa.



中文翻译:

南非西开普省的自闭症:100万学童的比率,社会人口统计学,残疾和教育特征

南非自闭症谱系障碍的患病率尚不清楚,迄今为止,在学校系统内进行的很少研究能够了解自闭症谱系障碍儿童在教育中的需求率,分布和概况。我们对南非西开普省正规教育系统中的所有自闭症谱系障碍儿童进行了全面的数据库搜索,并将调查结果与该省的人口统计学期望进行了比较。在全省1,154,353名儿童上学的儿童中,总共确定了940名诊断为自闭症谱系障碍的儿童,占0.08%。男女之比为5.5:1。与西开普省的人口统计数据相比,自闭症谱系障碍样本的自我报告的种族和语言构成存在显着差异,其中自闭症谱系障碍儿童的比例更高,来自白人种族群体和讲英语的家庭。自闭症谱系障碍儿童中有89%在特殊学校,而在普通/主流学校中只有10%。大多数儿童(83%)在开普敦市上学,而在农村地区只有17%。据报告,共同发生的智力障碍在人口中占22.2%,注意力缺陷/多动障碍占2.6%,癫痫病占0.7%。数据显示,2012年至2016年间,学校自闭症谱系障碍增加了76.03%,平均每年增加15.18%。研究结果表明,在学校中自闭症谱系障碍的代表性不足,同时发生情况的标识不足。结果表明,尽管西开普省是南非资源最丰富的省份之一,却没有能力识别并满足其社区在文化和语言上的多样化需求。我们建议在西开普加强针对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的教育系统,并在南非其他省份进行类似的调查。

放置摘要

在南非,关于自闭症谱系障碍的信息很少,而对患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童及其教育需求的了解也很少。在这项研究中,我们搜索了在南非西开普省上学的所有自闭症谱系障碍儿童,并将我们的发现与该省居民的概况进行了比较。我们发现,学校中患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童比预期的少(0.08%),并且同时发生的情况(智力障碍= 22.2%,注意力缺陷/多动障碍= 2.6%和癫痫病= 0.7%)的发生率较低。与西开普省人口统计资料相比,来自白人种族和讲英语的家庭的儿童更多。大多数儿童(89%)上有特殊教育需求的儿童就读学校,只有10%在普通/主流学校就读。83%的学生在城市地区上学,而17%的学生在农村地区上学。在2012年至2016年之间,自闭症谱系障碍儿童的学校人数增加了76.03%。我们的发现支持在教育系统中更好地识别和报告自闭症谱系障碍儿童的需求。我们建议对西开普省和南非其他地区的自闭症谱系障碍儿童进行紧急审查,并加强其教育系统。我们的发现支持在教育系统中更好地识别和报告患有自闭症谱系障碍儿童的需求。我们建议对西开普省和南非其他地区的自闭症谱系障碍儿童进行紧急审查,并加强其教育系统。我们的发现支持在教育系统中更好地识别和报告患有自闭症谱系障碍儿童的需求。我们建议对西开普省和南非其他地区的自闭症谱系障碍儿童进行紧急审查,并加强其教育系统。

更新日期:2020-12-23
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