This article presents the findings of the first research study of the Institutional Hearing Program (IHP), a prison‐based immigration court system run by the U.S. Department of Justice. Although the IHP has existed for four decades, little is publicly known about the program's origin, development, or significance. Based on original analysis of archival records, this study makes three central contributions. First, it traces the origin and growth of the IHP within federal, state, and municipal correctional facilities. Notably, although the IHP began in 1980 as a program to deport Cuban asylum seekers held in civil detention in an Atlanta prison, it now operates to deport noncitizens serving prison sentences in twenty‐three federal prisons, nineteen state prison systems, and a few municipal jails. Second, this article uncovers the crucial role that prison‐based immigration courts have played in shaping the design of carceral institutions around the priorities of an immigration system that primarily targets Latinos for deportation. Third, this article shows how immigration courts embedded in carceral spaces have served as influential, yet overlooked, incubators of changes to immigration law and practice that today apply to all immigration courts, not just the IHP. These findings have important implications for contemporary understandings of the relationship between immigration detention, racialized control of migration, and penal punishment.

中文翻译：

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机构听证计划：对美国基于监狱的移民法院的研究

本文介绍了机构听证计划（IHP）的第一项研究结果，该计划是由美国司法部运营的基于监狱的移民法院系统。尽管国际水文计划已经存在了四十年，但人们对该计划的起源，发展或意义知之甚少。在对档案记录进行原始分析的基础上，本研究做出了三个重要贡献。首先，它追踪了国际水文计划在联邦，州和市级惩教设施内的起源和发展。值得注意的是，尽管国际水文计划始于1980年，当时是一项驱逐在亚特兰大监狱中被拘留的古巴寻求庇护者的计划，但现在它的工作是驱逐在23座联邦监狱，19座州监狱系统和一些市政监狱服刑的非公民。监狱。第二，本文揭示了基于监狱的移民法院在围绕主要针对拉美裔被驱逐出境的移民系统的优先事项来塑造监狱机构设计中所发挥的关键作用。第三，本文展示了嵌入在监狱空间中的移民法院如何成为影响移民法律和实践的有影响力但被忽视的孵化器，这些变化今天适用于所有移民法院，而不仅仅是国际水文计划。这些发现对于当代理解移民拘留，种族化控制移民和刑事处罚之间的关系具有重要意义。本文展示了嵌入在监狱空间中的移民法院如何成为影响移民法律和实践变化的有影响力但被忽视的孵化器，这些变化如今适用于所有移民法院，而不仅仅是国际水文计划。这些发现对于当代理解移民拘留，种族化控制移民和刑事处罚之间的关系具有重要意义。本文展示了嵌入在监狱空间中的移民法院如何成为影响移民法律和实践变化的有影响力但被忽视的孵化器，这些变化如今适用于所有移民法院，而不仅仅是国际水文计划。这些发现对于当代对移民拘留，种族化控制移民和刑罚之间关系的理解具有重要意义。