This review scrutinizes the evidence concerning the factors that affect the ease with which multilinguals learn additional languages. First, I focus on language learning experiences that could help multilinguals acquire new languages (e.g., consequences of exposure, use of prior knowledge, biliteracy). I then discuss how multilinguals manage multiple languages and struggle with language control problems. By finally shedding more light onto effects of learning on the brain and the ways it adapts to the higher processing demands when having to manage multiple languages, it becomes clear that the key to understanding learning and processing of multiple languages lies in understanding the adaptive and dynamic nature of the brain. Although the brain is striving for efficient processing, environmental influences, communicative demands and genetic predispositions influence the learning and processing of multiple languages. I therefore suggest five specific effects related to multilingualism which may ease subsequent learning of multiple languages.

中文翻译：

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学习和处理多种语言：更容易吗？

这篇评论仔细研究了有关影响多语言者学习其他语言的难易程度的因素的证据。首先，我专注于语言学习经验，这些经验可以帮助多语种学习新语言（例如，暴露的后果，使用先验知识，双语）。然后，我讨论了多语种如何管理多种语言以及如何解决语言控制问题。通过最终更多地了解学习对大脑的影响及其在必须管理多种语言时如何适应更高的处理要求的方式，很明显，了解多种语言的学习和处理的关键在于理解适应性和动态性。大脑的本质。尽管大脑在努力进行有效处理，但仍会受到环境影响，交流需求和遗传倾向会影响多种语言的学习和处理。因此，我建议五种与多语制有关的特定效果，这些效果可能会简化随后对多种语言的学习。