Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy is a significant global mental health concern that affects up to 1 in 5 trauma-exposed pregnant women and is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and infant complications and health outcomes. This systematic literature review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, examined findings from studies of psychological interventions and treatments for prenatal PTSD to inform recommendations for future research. Relevant evidence was identified from reference reviews and electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and Scopus). Included studies reported on the effect of nonpharmacological intervention or treatment of PTSD symptomatology delivered during pregnancy, with at least one postintervention follow-up collected during pregnancy to assess prenatal treatment outcomes. The systematic review was augmented with a discussion of lower-level evidence. Of the 954 articles screened, six peer-reviewed, quantitative reports met the inclusion criteria and featured three empirically based interventions, including two randomized controlled trials: Two psychoeducation interventions for PTSD and one treatment study of interpersonal psychotherapy in trauma-exposed pregnant women. Effect sizes for PTSD symptom change ranged from small to large, Cohen's d/η_p² = 0.16–0.78. No studies examined evidence-based PTSD treatments (e.g., exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy). A risk of bias assessment indicated variability in study quality. This review demonstrates that research on prenatal PTSD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is extremely limited despite a clear link between prenatal PTSD and perinatal complications. Early evidence supports further scientific inquiry into psychoeducation, psychotherapy treatments (e.g., exposure therapy), integrated prenatal care approaches, and community-based approaches.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期创伤后应激障碍的心理干预和治疗：系统评价和行动呼吁

怀孕期间的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 是一个重要的全球心理健康问题，影响多达五分之一的遭受创伤的孕妇，并且与母婴并发症和健康结果的风险增加有关。本系统的文献综述按照 PRISMA 指南进行，检查了产前 PTSD 的心理干预和治疗研究的结果，为未来的研究提供建议。从参考评论和电子数据库（即 PubMed、Google Scholar、PsychInfo 和 Scopus）中确定了相关证据。纳入的研究报告了非药物干预或治疗妊娠期 PTSD 症状的效果，在怀孕期间收集至少一次干预后随访以评估产前治疗结果。系统评价增加了对较低级别证据的讨论。在筛选的 954 篇文章中，六篇经过同行评审的定量报告符合纳入标准，并介绍了三项基于经验的干预措施，包括两项随机对照试验：两项针对 PTSD 的心理教育干预措施和一项针对暴露于创伤的孕妇的人际关系心理治疗的治疗研究。PTSD 症状变化的影响大小从小到大，Cohen's 包括两项随机对照试验：两项针对 PTSD 的心理教育干预措施和一项针对暴露于创伤的孕妇的人际关系心理治疗的治疗研究。PTSD 症状变化的影响大小从小到大，Cohen's 包括两项随机对照试验：两项针对 PTSD 的心理教育干预措施和一项针对暴露于创伤的孕妇的人际关系心理治疗的治疗研究。PTSD 症状变化的影响大小从小到大，Cohen'sd/ η _p ² = 0.16–0.78。没有研究检查基于证据的 PTSD 治疗（例如，暴露疗法、认知加工疗法）。偏倚风险评估表明研究质量存在差异。本综述表明，尽管产前 PTSD 与围产期并发症之间存在明确联系，但对产前 PTSD 症状、诊断和治疗的研究极为有限。早期证据支持对心理教育、心理治疗（例如暴露疗法）、综合产前护理方法和基于社区的方法进行进一步的科学探究。