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Compounding Stress: Childhood Adversity as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Trauma Exposure in the Health and Retirement Study
Journal of Traumatic Stress ( IF 3.952 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/jts.22617 David Bürgin 1, 2, 3 , Cyril Boonmann 1 , Klaus Schmeck 1 , Marc Schmid 1 , Paige Tripp 2, 3 , Kristen Nishimi 2, 3 , Aoife O'Donovan 2, 3
Journal of Traumatic Stress ( IF 3.952 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/jts.22617 David Bürgin 1, 2, 3 , Cyril Boonmann 1 , Klaus Schmeck 1 , Marc Schmid 1 , Paige Tripp 2, 3 , Kristen Nishimi 2, 3 , Aoife O'Donovan 2, 3
Affiliation
Childhood adversity (CA) and adulthood traumatic experiences (ATEs) are common and unequally distributed in the general population. Early stressors may beget later stressors and alter life‐course trajectories of stressor exposure. Gender differences exist regarding the risk of specific stressors. However, few studies have examined the associations between specific types of CA and ATEs. Using a large‐scale sample of older adults, we aimed to (a) determine if specific or cumulative CA increased the risk for specific or cumulative ATEs and (b) examine whether these associations were moderated by gender. In a sample from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 15,717; Mage = 67.57 years, SD = 10.54), cross‐sectional Poisson and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the specific and cumulative associations between CA and ATEs. Overall, cumulative CA was associated with a larger risk ratio of ATEs, adjusted for covariates: aRRRs = 1.28, 1.63, and 1.97 for 1, 2, and 3–4 adverse events in childhood, respectively. Cumulative CA was particularly strongly associated with adulthood physical attacks, aOR = 5.66, and having a substance‐abusing spouse or child, aOR = 4.00. Childhood physical abuse was the strongest independent risk factor for cumulative ATEs, aRRR = 1.49, and most strongly associated with adulthood physical attacks, aOR = 3.41. Gender moderated the association between cumulative CA and cumulative ATEs, with slightly stronger associations between cumulative CA and ATEs for women than men. Given that CA and ATEs perpetuate health disparities worldwide, reducing their incidence and effects should be major priorities for public health.
中文翻译:
复合压力:童年逆境是健康和退休研究中成年创伤暴露的危险因素
童年逆境 (CA) 和成年创伤经历 (ATE) 在普通人群中很常见且分布不均。早期的压力源可能会产生后来的压力源并改变压力源暴露的生命历程轨迹。关于特定压力源的风险存在性别差异。然而,很少有研究检查特定类型的 CA 和 ATE 之间的关联。使用大规模老年人样本,我们旨在 (a) 确定特定或累积 CA 是否会增加特定或累积 ATE 的风险,以及 (b) 检查这些关联是否受性别影响。在来自美国健康和退休研究的样本中(N = 15,717;M年龄= 67.57 岁,SD =10.54),拟合横截面泊松和逻辑回归模型以评估 CA 和 ATE 之间的特定和累积关联。总体而言,累积 CA 与较大的 ATE 风险比相关,并针对协变量进行调整:儿童期 1、2 和 3-4 次不良事件的RRR s = 1.28、1.63 和 1.97,分别。累积 CA 与成年期身体攻击特别密切相关,OR = 5.66,并且有滥用药物的配偶或孩子,OR = 4.00。儿童期身体虐待是累积 ATE 的最强独立风险因素,RRR = 1.49,并且与成年期身体攻击最密切相关,a OR= 3.41。性别调节了累积 CA 和累积 ATE 之间的关联,女性的累积 CA 和 ATE 之间的关联略强于男性。鉴于 CA 和 ATE 使全世界的健康差异长期存在,减少其发生率和影响应该是公共卫生的主要优先事项。
更新日期:2020-11-16
中文翻译:
复合压力:童年逆境是健康和退休研究中成年创伤暴露的危险因素
童年逆境 (CA) 和成年创伤经历 (ATE) 在普通人群中很常见且分布不均。早期的压力源可能会产生后来的压力源并改变压力源暴露的生命历程轨迹。关于特定压力源的风险存在性别差异。然而,很少有研究检查特定类型的 CA 和 ATE 之间的关联。使用大规模老年人样本,我们旨在 (a) 确定特定或累积 CA 是否会增加特定或累积 ATE 的风险,以及 (b) 检查这些关联是否受性别影响。在来自美国健康和退休研究的样本中(N = 15,717;M年龄= 67.57 岁,SD =10.54),拟合横截面泊松和逻辑回归模型以评估 CA 和 ATE 之间的特定和累积关联。总体而言,累积 CA 与较大的 ATE 风险比相关,并针对协变量进行调整:儿童期 1、2 和 3-4 次不良事件的RRR s = 1.28、1.63 和 1.97,分别。累积 CA 与成年期身体攻击特别密切相关,OR = 5.66,并且有滥用药物的配偶或孩子,OR = 4.00。儿童期身体虐待是累积 ATE 的最强独立风险因素,RRR = 1.49,并且与成年期身体攻击最密切相关,a OR= 3.41。性别调节了累积 CA 和累积 ATE 之间的关联,女性的累积 CA 和 ATE 之间的关联略强于男性。鉴于 CA 和 ATE 使全世界的健康差异长期存在,减少其发生率和影响应该是公共卫生的主要优先事项。