A key principle of individual differences research is that biological and environmental factors jointly influence personality and psychopathology. Genes and environments interact to influence the emergence and stability of both normal and abnormal behavior (i.e., genetic predisposition, X, is exacerbated or buffered under environmental conditions, Y, or vice versa), including by shaping the neural circuits underpinning behavior. The interplay of genes and environments is also reflected in various ways in which they are correlated (i.e., rGE). That is, the same genetic factors that give rise to personality or psychopathology also shape that person's environment.

中文翻译：

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在基因-环境相关性的背景下整合人格和精神病理学研究

个体差异研究的一个关键原则是生物和环境因素共同影响人格和精神病理学。基因和环境相互作用以影响正常和异常行为的出现和稳定性（即遗传易感性X在环境条件Y下加剧或缓冲，反之亦然），包括通过塑造支持行为的神经回路。基因和环境的相互作用也反映在它们相互关联的各种方式中（即rGE）。也就是说，导致人格或精神病理学的相同遗传因素也塑造了这个人的环境。