This article explores intraindividual microvariation in dialect syntax. We argue that in many cases the speaker has internalized a different (sub)grammar for each dialectal variety, in line with the hypothesis of universal bilingualism and parallel grammars argued for by Roeper (1999 et seq.). We discuss the question of how we can distinguish parallel grammars from optionality within one grammar, suggesting that the identification of correlating contextual factors might be a promising criterion. However, we also explore a more subtle type of variation, namely cases where a standard variety influences a potentially more vulnerable non-standard variety in a way that makes it exceedingly difficult for the language user and even for a trained linguist to discern what is what. We discuss whether or not these properties should be analysed as properties of another subgrammar (the standard grammar) or as fully integrated (albeit acquired) properties of the non-standard dialect.

中文翻译：

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方言、语域和个体内部变异：生成框架的范围之外？

本文探讨了方言句法中的个体内部微变。我们认为，在许多情况下，说话者已经内化了每种方言变体的不同（子）语法，这与 Roeper（1999 等）提出的普遍双语和平行语法假设一致。我们讨论了如何区分并行语法和一个语法中的可选性的问题，这表明相关上下文因素的识别可能是一个有希望的标准。但是，我们还探索了一种更微妙的变异类型，即标准变体以某种方式影响可能更脆弱的非标准变体的情况，这使得语言用户甚至训练有素的语言学家都很难辨别什么是什么.