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Litigating climate change through international law: Obligations strategy and rights strategy
Leiden Journal of International Law ( IF 1.588 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 , DOI: 10.1017/s0922156520000473
Maiko Meguro

Litigation has presented itself as a serious means to vindicate normative commitments about climate change by forcing governments to review their policy priorities. Today, the use of such litigation is not limited to the domestic arena. International law now provides the new principal avenue for such litigation. Two litigation strategies stand out: obligations strategy and rights strategy. Obligations strategy consists of bestowing an erga omnes character to existing obligations regarding the protection of the global environment, thereby providing standing for a non-injured party before international courts. Rights strategy, on the other hand, significantly increases in practice. It consists in the invocation, before national and international courts, of remedies for environmental damages through the legal categories of human rights law.This article sheds light on the potential and limits of these litigation strategies in international law. The argument builds on the specific evolution in the legal architecture of international obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The current structure of the UNFCCC now makes it substantially impossible to bring a claim against individual states regarding their specific measures against climate change. The article, by referring to the history of drafting which produced the specific structure, questions the ability of these litigation strategies to remedy the lack of international consensus and to accommodate the technical intricacy of how to turn normative commitments into actual action for climate change.

中文翻译:

通过国际法诉讼气候变化:义务战略和权利战略

通过迫使政府审查其政策优先事项,诉讼已成为一种严肃的手段,可以证明有关气候变化的规范性承诺是正确的。如今,此类诉讼的使用不仅限于国内。国际法现在为此类诉讼提供了新的主要途径。两种诉讼策略脱颖而出:义务策略和权利策略。义务战略包括赋予普遍适用保护全球环境的现有义务的性质,从而为非受害方在国际法庭上提供了资格。另一方面,权利战略在实践中显着增加。它包括在国家和国际法院通过人权法的法律类别对环境损害进行补救。本文阐明了这些诉讼策略在国际法中的潜力和局限性。该论点建立在《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)规定的国际义务法律架构的具体演变之上。联合国气候变化框架公约的当前结构现在基本上不可能就其应对气候变化的具体措施向个别国家提出索赔。
更新日期:2020-09-09
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