The study of planning in second language (L2) writing research is heavily influenced by two research domains: (a) early research on cognition in first language (L1) composing processes and (b) second language acquisition (SLA) research. The first research domain has been instrumental in determining the specific systems and processes involved in composing and has led to widely accepted models of L1 writing (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987*; Flower & Hayes, 1980*; Hayes, 1996, 2012) as well as a widely accepted model of the interaction between working memory and L1 writing systems (Kellogg, 1996*; Kellogg, Whiteford, Turner, Cahill, & Mertens, 2013). The influence of these early studies is still felt in process approaches to composition instruction commonly implemented in L1 and L2 writing classes. The second research domain—SLA and more specifically task-based language teaching/learning—has come to view planning as a feature of task complexity that can be manipulated to facilitate the production of language that is complex (syntactically and/or lexically), accurate, and/or fluent (Robinson, 2011*; Skehan, 1998*; Skehan & Foster, 2001). This research timeline traces the study of planning in L2 writing in each of these domains by reviewing key L1 and L2 writing research over the last 30-plus years and by highlighting each study's findings. Prior to presenting the timeline, the following sections provide backgrounds in each of the domains noted above and situate planning within those domains.

中文翻译：

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L1 和 L2 写作中的规划：工作记忆、过程和产品

第二语言 (L2) 写作研究中的规划研究深受两个研究领域的影响：(a) 对第一语言 (L1) 写作过程中认知的早期研究和 (b) 第二语言习得 (SLA) 研究。第一个研究领域有助于确定写作所涉及的具体系统和过程，并导致了广泛接受的 L1 写作模型（Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1987*; Flower & Hayes, 1980*; Hayes, 1996, 2012）作为工作记忆和 L1 书写系统之间相互作用的一个被广泛接受的模型（Kellogg, 1996*; Kellogg, Whiteford, Turner, Cahill, & Mertens, 2013）。这些早期研究的影响在 L1 和 L2 写作课中通常实施的作文教学的过程方法中仍然可以感受到。第二个研究领域——SLA，更具体地说是基于任务的语言教学/学习——已经将规划视为任务复杂性的一个特征，可以对其进行操作以促进复杂（句法和/或词汇）、准确的语言的产生和/或流利（Robinson，2011*；Skehan，1998*；Skehan & Foster，2001）。本研究时间表通过回顾过去 30 多年的关键 L1 和 L2 写作研究并强调每项研究的结果，追溯了这些领域中的 L2 写作规划研究。在介绍时间表之前，以下部分提供了上述每个领域的背景，并在这些领域内进行了定位规划。