This timeline is concerned with Dynamic Assessment (henceforth, DA) as it has been taken up and elaborated in contexts involving the teaching, learning, and assessment of learners of second languages (L2s). DA is distinguished by its insistence that an individual's independent performance of assessment tasks reveals only part of his/her abilities, namely those that have completed their development at the time of the assessment; insights into abilities that have begun to emerge but have not yet fully developed can be determined according to an individual's responsiveness to particular kinds of support, referred to as mediation (e.g., reminders, leading questions, hints, provision of a model, feedback), offered during the assessment as difficulties arise (Haywood & Lidz, 2006). In this respect, DA differs from more conventional distinctions in assessment, such as that between assessments concerned with the results of previous learning (‘summative assessment’) and those intended to provide information relevant to subsequent instruction (‘formative assessment’). Instead, the embedding of an interactive, instructional element within the assessment procedure allows for the possibility of expanding the evidential basis upon which summative interpretations of learner abilities are made; that is, the results encompass previous learning that has resulted in both complete and partial understanding of relevant concepts. At the same time, DA serves a formative function in so far as interaction allows insights into the underlying sources of learner difficulties and the kind of support to which they are most responsive (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002).

中文翻译：

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动态评估和第二语言发展

该时间表与动态评估（以下简称 DA）有关，因为它已在涉及第二语言 (L2s) 学习者的教学、学习和评估的背景下被采用和阐述。DA 的特点是坚持个人独立完成评估任务只显示他/她的部分能力，即在评估时已经完成发展的能力；对已经开始出现但尚未完全发展的能力的洞察可以根据个人对特定类型支持的反应来确定，称为调解（例如，提醒、引导性问题、提示、提供模型、反馈），在评估过程中出现困难时提供（Haywood & Lidz, 2006）。在这方面，DA 不同于评估中更传统的区别，例如关注先前学习结果的评估（“总结性评估”）和旨在提供与后续教学相关的信息的评估（“形成性评估”）。取而代之的是，在评估过程中嵌入互动的教学元素，可以扩大对学习者能力进行总结性解释的证据基础；也就是说，结果包括以前的学习，这些学习导致对相关概念的完全和部分理解。同时，