What does it mean to learn a word? How can we tell when a sequence of letters or sounds becomes a word in the mind of the learner? While many second language (L2) vocabulary teaching and learning studies continue to use traditional vocabulary tests to measure learning (such as multiple choice, translation, gap-fill), these measures tend to come short when researchers want to address theoretical questions about the nature of L2 word knowledge. In the present paper, I argue for conceptualising word learning as lexicalisation, which necessitates the use of alternative approaches to measuring learning. I then propose approximate and conceptual replications of two theoretically motivated L2 word learning studies, Elgort (2011) and Qiao and Forster (2017), that used the Prime Lexicality Effect as a measure of lexicalisation of deliberately learned L2 words.

中文翻译：

---

第二语言中的单词知识、学习和习得：Elgort (2011) 和 Qiao and Forster (2017) 的建议复制

学习一个单词是什么意思？我们如何判断一串字母或声音何时在学习者的脑海中变成了一个词？虽然许多第二语言 (L2) 词汇教学和学习研究继续使用传统词汇测试来衡量学习（例如多项选择、翻译、填空），但当研究人员想要解决关于自然的理论问题时，这些措施往往会不足。 L2 单词知识。在本文中，我主张将单词学习概念化为词汇化，这需要使用替代方法来衡量学习。然后，我提出了 Elgort (2011) 和 Qiao 和 Forster (2017) 这两项具有理论动机的 L2 单词学习研究的近似和概念复制，