This article provides a legal analysis of the largely uncharted notion of “acts harmful to the enemy” under international humanitarian law, which reconciles the humanitarian need to grant special protection to medical services (medical personnel, units and transports) in the interests of the wounded and sick with the military necessity to remove it when acts are committed contrary to good faith and for hostile purposes or with effects which harm the adverse party. The meaning of the notion is clarified by primarily looking into the legality of an attack against land-based medical services by the aggrieved party to the conflict as a consequence of harmful acts. It concludes with specific recommendations on how to interpret the law governing such an attack, considered prima facie lawful, on a hospital.

中文翻译：

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国际人道法中的“危害敌人行为”概念

本文对国际人道法中“对敌人有害的行为”这一基本未知的概念进行了法律分析，该概念调和了为伤员的利益为医疗服务（医务人员、单位和运输工具）提供特殊保护的人道主义需要当行为违反善意和出于敌对目的或具有损害敌方的影响时，军事需要将其移除。这一概念的含义主要通过调查冲突受害方因有害行为而攻击陆上医疗服务的合法性而得到澄清。最后，它就如何解释管理此类攻击的法律提出了具体建议，这种攻击被认为是初步合法的，针对医院。