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The English general extender
English Today ( IF 1.156 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-08 , DOI: 10.1017/s0266078419000312
Maryann Overstreet

In the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber et al., 1999), a new category is identified in the grammar of the English phrase. In conversational data, the most frequent forms cited as examples of this category are or something, and everything, and things and and stuff, which are described as ‘coordination tags’ by Biber et al. (1999: 115–16). This label has not been widely adopted, but the linguistic category it describes has clearly become established as part of modern English. The term ‘general extender’ (Overstreet, 1999) is now commonly used to refer to this category: ‘“general” because they are nonspecific and “extender” because they extend otherwise complete utterances’ (1999: 3). There are two subcategories: adjunctive general extenders, beginning with and, and disjunctive general extenders, beginning with or. In casual conversation, general extenders are typically phrase- or clause-final, consisting of and/or plus a vague noun (stuff/things) or a pronoun (something/everything), with an optional comparative phrase (like that/this). In everyday spoken British English, the phrase and (all) that is also extremely common. In written and formal spoken English, forms with quite different structures, such as et cetera, and so on, and so forth, and or so are more typically used to fulfill related functions. All of these forms are grammatically optional and fall within the more general category of pragmatic markers, along with you know, I mean, like and sort of, ‘expressions which may have little obvious propositional meaning but which oil the wheels of conversational social interaction’ (Beeching, 2016: 1).

中文翻译:

英语通用扩展器

在里面朗文英语口语和书面语法(Biber et al., 1999),在英语短语的语法中确定了一个新类别。在会话数据中,作为此类示例引用的最常见形式是或者其他的东西,和所有,和东西和东西,Biber 等人将其描述为“协调标签”。(1999:115-16)。这个标签尚未被广泛采用,但它所描述的语言类别显然已成为现代英语的一部分。术语“一般扩展器”(Overstreet,1999)现在通常用于指代这一类别:“一般”是因为它们是非特定的,而“扩展器”是因为它们扩展了完整的话语”(1999:3)。有两个子类别: 附加一般扩展器,以, 和析取的一般扩展器,以要么. 在随意的谈话中,一般扩展通常是短语或子句结尾的,包括和/或加上一个模糊的名词(东西/东西) 或代词 (某事/一切),带有一个可选的比较短语 (像这样/这样)。在日常使用的英式英语中,这句话和(全部)那个也是极其常见的。在书面和正式的口语中,结构完全不同的形式,例如等等,等等等等, 和或者更典型地用于完成相关功能。所有这些形式在语法上都是可选的,属于更一般的语用标记类别,以及你懂的,我是说,喜欢有点, “表达可能没有什么明显的命题意义,但它们为对话社会互动提供了动力”(Beeching,2016:1)。
更新日期:2019-08-08
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