Low power in empirical studies can be compared to blurred vision. It makes the signal ambiguous, so that conclusions depend more on interpretation than on observation. Data patterns that look sensible are published as evidence for theoretical positions and unclear patterns are discarded as noise, whereas both could be due to sampling error or could be a perfect reflection of the population parameters. Simulations indicate that little research with sample sizes lower than 100 participants per group provides a picture of enough resolution to draw firm conclusions. This is particularly true for research comparing groups of people and involving interaction effects. As a result, it is to be feared that many findings in bilingualism research do not have a firm base, certainly not if they go beyond a simple comparison of two within-participants conditions.

中文翻译：

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双语研究中的权力考虑：是时候加强我们的游戏了

经验研究中的低功率可以比作视力模糊。它使信号模棱两可，因此结论更多地取决于解释而不是观察。看起来合理的数据模式作为理论位置的证据发布，不清楚的模式作为噪声被丢弃，而两者都可能是由于抽样误差或可能是总体参数的完美反映。模拟表明，样本量低于每组 100 名参与者的研究很少能提供足够分辨率的图片来得出可靠的结论。对于比较人群和涉及交互效应的研究来说尤其如此。结果，恐怕双语研究中的许多发现都没有坚实的基础，