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Question framing effects and the processing of the moral–conventional distinction
Philosophical Psychology ( IF 1.573 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2020.1845311
Francesco Margoni 1 , Luca Surian 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Prominent theories in moral psychology maintain that a core aspect of moral competence is the ability to distinguish moral norms, which derive from universal principles of justice and fairness, from conventional norms, which are contingent on a specific group consensus. The present study investigated the psychological bases of the moral-conventional distinction by manipulating the framing of the test question, the authority’s license, and the historical context. Participants evaluated moral and conventional transgressions by answering an ‘okay for you’ test question (i.e., judging according to their opinion) or an ‘okay in context’ test question (i.e., judging by imagining being a contemporary of the story protagonist). In evaluating moral transgressions that happened in a distant context or with the authority’s license, most of the participants condemned the violations when responding to the ‘okay for you’ test question, but did not do so when responding to the ‘okay in context’ test question. A similar effect of the question framing was found also on scenarios presenting conventional violations suggesting that subtle changes in the framing of the test question can influence people’s evaluations of both moral and conventional prototypical transgressions. We propose that these effects indicate the presence of moral and conventional construals of social actions that are highly flexible and context-sensitive.



中文翻译:

问题框架效应与道德与传统区别的处理

摘要

道德心理学的著名理论认为,道德能力的一个核心方面是能够区分道德规范的能力,道德规范源于正义和公平的普遍原则,而常规规范则取决于特定的群体共识。本研究通过操纵测试题的框架,权威的许可和历史背景,研究了道德与常规区分的心理基础。参与者通过回答“对您来说还可以”测试问题(即,根据他们的意见进行判断)或“在上下文中还可以”测试问题(即通过想象自己是故事主人公的时代来进行判断)来评估道德和传统违法行为。在评估在遥远的背景下或在当局许可下发生的道德违规行为时,大多数参与者在回答“对您可以接受”测试问题时都谴责了违规行为,但在回答“在上下文中可以接受”测试问题时没有这样做。在出现常规违规的情况下,也发现了问题框架的类似影响,这表明测试问题框架的细微变化会影响人们对道德和常规原型犯罪的评估。我们认为,这些影响表明存在高度灵活且情境敏感的社会行为的道德和常规建构。在出现常规违规的情况下,也发现了问题框架的类似影响,这表明测试问题框架的细微变化会影响人们对道德和常规原型犯罪的评估。我们认为,这些影响表明存在高度灵活和对上下文敏感的社会行为的道德和传统建构。在出现常规违规的情况下,也发现了问题框架的类似影响,这表明测试问题框架的细微变化会影响人们对道德和常规原型犯罪的评估。我们认为,这些影响表明存在高度灵活且情境敏感的社会行为的道德和常规建构。

更新日期:2020-11-12
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