ABSTRACT

This article analyses the first women to hold teaching and research positions in Spanish universities during the first third of the twentieth century. It traces the paths of the pioneers who used their intellectual capacity to broaden the scope for their working lives. Legal changes introduced in 1910 made it possible for women with a university degree to work as professors in the university or in secondary schools, and in libraries, museums or archives. The writer Emilia Pardo Bazán, was the first woman to be appointed as a lecturer for her literary merits. She taught on a PhD course at the University of Madrid, and was followed by other female lecturers, at the Faculties of Philosophy and Letters, Science, Pharmacy and Law; in this order. The paper recalls these first female lecturers, the posts they occupied, the situations they encountered, and their overall trajectories. All began to work in the midst of a strong androcentric culture. Very few of those who started as lecturers before 1936 – the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War – continued later at university on a permanent basis. The majority chose other types of employment which offered greater stability in less time.

摘要

本文分析了二十世纪前三分之一在西班牙大学中担任教学和研究职务的第一批女性。它追踪了开拓者的道路，这些开拓者利用自己的知识能力来拓宽工作寿命。1910年引入的法律变更使拥有大学学位的妇女有可能在大学或中学，图书馆，博物馆或档案馆中担任教授。作家艾米莉亚·帕多·巴赞（Emilia PardoBazán）是第一位因其文学功德被任命为讲师的女性。她在马德里大学攻读博士学位，随后在哲学与书信，科学，药学和法学院的其他女讲师任教；按此顺序。论文回顾了这些最初的女讲师，他们担任的职位，遇到的情况，及其整体轨迹。在强大的雄心文化中，所有人开始工作。在1936年以前（西班牙内战爆发）之前开始担任讲师的人中，很少有人后来永久地在大学继续学习。大多数人选择了其他类型的工作，这些工作可以在更短的时间内提供更大的稳定性。