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Measuring urban and rural establishment innovation in the United States
Economics of Innovation and New Technology ( IF 2.213 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2020.1846248
John Mann 1, 2 , Scott Loveridge 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

What are the best proxies for innovation and do the best proxies vary by type of region? A commonly used and easily obtained measure is patenting, but there may be disadvantages to using it exclusively. We compare patents to 39 alternative innovation measures in terms of how they perform across tradeable urban and rural establishments. Data are from the USDA’s 2014 National Survey of Business Competitiveness, a survey with nearly 11,000 respondents, with a rural region over-sample (25% of establishments responding are urban and 75% are rural). We employ a bivariate probit model using as controls a number of establishment-level characteristics for our analysis. A log likelihood ratio test confirms that urban and rural establishments should be modeled separately. While patents may provide a reasonable measure of innovative activity for urban establishments, they are more a problematic measure for rural establishments. We conclude with a brief discussion of implications and study limitations.



中文翻译:

衡量美国的城乡机构创新

摘要

什么是创新的最佳代表?最佳代表是否因地区类型而异?一个常用且容易获得的措施是申请专利,但单独使用它可能有缺点。我们将专利与 39 种替代创新措施进行比较,以了解它们在可交易的城市和农村机构中的表现。数据来自美国农业部 2014 年全国商业竞争力调查,该调查有近 11,000 名受访者,其中农村地区的样本过多(25% 的受访企业是城市,75% 是农村)。我们采用双变量概率模型,使用许多企业级特征作为我们分析的控制。对数似然比检验证实应分别对城市和农村机构进行建模。虽然专利可以为城市机构的创新活动提供合理的衡量标准,但对于农村机构来说,它们是一个更有问题的衡量标准。最后,我们简要讨论了影响和研究局限性。

更新日期:2020-11-24
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