ABSTRACT

Conversational interactants rely on each other to cooperate with ongoing actions and activities both structurally (alignment) and affectively (affiliation). They monitor one another’s cooperative behaviors to detect any (potential) problems in alignment and affiliation. The present study describes one interactional strategy Japanese speakers use to deal with detected problems in three nonmain sequences (i.e., side, preexpansion, and postexpansion sequences). In the practice I call anchoring shared knowledge, the action (or activity) initiator uses the utterance-final desho to request ratification of shared knowledge from the recipient. Positioning of this request relative to the main action makes the desho-speaker’s action interpretable to the recipient as seeking alignment to and affiliation with the main action. The study demonstrates (a) the interactants’ constant attention to alignment and affiliation, (b) their orientation to the relevance of local practices to the main action or activity, and (c) the complex interrelationships between epistemics, actions, and social relations.

摘要

会话交互者彼此依赖，以在结构上（结盟）和情感上（结盟）与正在进行的行为和活动进行合作。他们监视彼此的合作行为，以发现对准和从属关系中的任何（潜在）问题。本研究描述了日语使用者用来处理三个非主要序列（即，边，扩展前和扩展后序列）中检测到的问题的一种交互策略。在我所说的实践中，称为锚定共享知识，动作（或活动）发起者使用话语最后的desho要求接收者批准共享知识。该请求相对于主要动作的定位使desho-说话者的动作可以理解为接收者寻求与主要动作保持一致和从属。这项研究表明（a）互动者不断关注结盟和从属关系;（b）他们对本地实践与主要行动或活动的相关性的取向;以及（c）认识论，行动和社会关系之间的复杂相互关系。