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The relationship between stressful events, emotion dysregulation, and anxiety symptoms among youth: longitudinal support for stress causation but not stress generation
Anxiety, Stress & Coping ( IF 3.813 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 , DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1839730
Rebecca L Schneider 1 , Erin E Long 2 , Joanna J Arch 1 , Benjamin L Hankin 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Introduction

There is a clear bi-directional link between stressful events and depressive symptoms in adolescence, but the directionality of this link for anxiety symptoms remains underexamined. We critically evaluate the longitudinal relationship between stressors and anxiety among youth. Specifically, we examine whether stressors predict anxiety symptoms over a 1.5-year period (stress causation), and whether anxiety symptoms predict stressors over this period (stress generation). We examine potential influencing factors, including stressor type (independent vs. dependent) and emotion dysregulation (nonacceptance; goal-directed difficulty).

Methods

Social, separation, and physical anxiety symptoms, and frequency and stressor type, were assessed every 3 months for 1.5 years among community youth (n = 528, ages 8–17). Baseline emotion dysregulation was assessed. Time-lagged analyses evaluated the bi-directional relationship of stress and anxiety over time, controlling for previous anxiety and depression.

Results

Interpersonal stressors predicted subsequent physical and social anxiety symptoms, but anxiety did not predict subsequent stressors. Both nonacceptance and goal-directed difficulties predicted subsequent anxiety symptoms and stressors, but did not moderate the relationship.

Conclusion

The findings supported the stress causation model for youth anxiety, but not the stress generation model. Nonacceptance and goal-directed difficulty predicted greater subsequent anxiety symptoms and stressors. We discuss implications for prevention and intervention.



中文翻译:

青少年压力事件、情绪失调和焦虑症状之间的关系:纵向支持压力因果关系而不是压力产生

摘要

介绍

青春期的压力事件和抑郁症状之间存在明显的双向联系,但这种联系对焦虑症状的方向性仍未得到充分检验。我们批判性地评估了青少年压力源和焦虑之间的纵向关系。具体来说,我们检查压力源是否可以预测 1.5 年期间的焦虑症状(压力因果关系),以及焦虑症状是否可以预测这一时期的压力源(压力产生)。我们检查了潜在的影响因素,包括压力源类型(独立与依赖)和情绪失调(不接受;目标导向的困难)。

方法

在社区青年( n  = 528,年龄 8-17)中每 3 个月评估一次社交、分离和身体焦虑症状以及频率和压力源类型,持续 1.5 年。评估基线情绪失调。时滞分析评估了压力和焦虑随时间的双向关系,控制了以前的焦虑和抑郁。

结果

人际压力源预测随后的身体和社交焦虑症状,但焦虑并不能预测随后的压力源。不接受和目标导向的困难都预测了随后的焦虑症状和压力源,但并没有缓和这种关系。

结论

研究结果支持青少年焦虑的压力因果模型,但不支持压力产生模型。不接受和目标导向的困难预示着随后会出现更大的焦虑症状和压力源。我们讨论了对预防和干预的影响。

更新日期:2020-11-06
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