ABSTRACT

Background

Perceived stress decreases memory performance and escalates the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Despite these concerning cognitive outcomes, longitudinal assessment of the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints within a racially diverse sample remains scant.

Method

391 cognitively intact older adults (M = 77.31, SD = 4.75) from the Einstein Aging Study were measured annually for up to nine years. Memory complaint items included self-reported frequency of forgetfulness, one-year memory decline, and 10-year memory decline. Multilevel models examined between-person and within-person associations between perceived stress and memory complaints while controlling for demographic differences and neuroticism.

Results

Strong between-person associations emerged such that older adults with generally higher perceived stress were more likely to report memory complaints, and vice versa. No significant concurrent within-person associations emerged. One lagged association emerged showing that within-person increases in perceived stress translated to a higher likelihood of reporting 10-year memory decline at the next annual screening.

Conclusion

Older adults with higher perceived stress are at risk for memory complaints over time. Further research into the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints is necessary to augment our understanding of how risk factors of cognitive decline present throughout the aging process.

中文翻译：

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爱因斯坦衰老研究中感知压力和记忆抱怨的纵向评估

摘要

背景

感知压力会降低记忆力并增加发生认知障碍的风险。尽管存在这些与认知结果有关的问题，但对种族多样化样本中感知压力和记忆抱怨之间关系的纵向评估仍然很少。

方法

来自爱因斯坦衰老研究的391 名认知完整的老年人（M  = 77.31，SD  = 4.75）每年进行一次长达九年的测量。记忆主诉项目包括自我报告的健忘频率、1 年记忆衰退和 10 年记忆衰退。多层次模型在控制人口统计学差异和神经质的同时，检查了感知压力和记忆抱怨之间的人与人之间和人与人之间的关联。

结果

强烈的人与人之间的关联出现了，因此通常感知压力较高的老年人更有可能报告记忆问题，反之亦然。没有出现显着的并发个人关联。出现了一个滞后的关联，表明在个人内部感知压力的增加转化为在下一次年度筛查中报告 10 年记忆衰退的可能性更高。

结论

随着时间的推移，具有较高感知压力的老年人面临记忆问题的风险。有必要进一步研究感知压力和记忆抱怨之间的关系，以加深我们对认知衰退风险因素在整个衰老过程中如何存在的理解。