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Electives Shopping, Grading Policies and Grading Competition
Economica ( IF 1.530 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 , DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12358
Martin Gregor 1
Affiliation  

This paper analyses grading competition between instructors of elective courses when students shop for high course scores, the instructors maximize class size, and the school imposes a ceiling on mean course scores to limit grade inflation. We demonstrate that curriculum flexibility (more listed courses or fewer required courses) intensifies the competition: in particular, top scores increase. To tame incentives to provide large scores, we suppose that the school additionally introduces a top‐score grading policy. We consider three regimes. First, the school caps top scores. Then grading competition segregates students into a concentrated group of achievers and a dispersed group of laggards. This effect extends to constraints on scores at lower quantiles. Second, the school normalizes the range of scores by adjusting the mean‐score ceiling. On normalization, scores of a less flexible curriculum first‐order stochastically dominate scores of a more flexible curriculum. Hence all students prefer rigid curricula. Third, the school requires that the mean score is evaluated for enrolled students instead of a representative sample of students. Then the instructors stop competing for students, which introduces assortative inefficiencies. Overall, we show that addressing grade inflation through grading policies may generate inequalities, rigidities and inefficiencies.

中文翻译:

选修课程,评分政策和评分竞赛

本文分析了当学生购买高课程分数,教师最大化班级规模以及学校对平均课程分数设置上限以限制年级通货膨胀时,选修课程的教师之间的等级竞争。我们证明,课程的灵活性(更多列出的课程或更少的必修课程)加剧了竞争:尤其是最高分的提高。为了控制激励措施以提供高分,我们假设学校还引入了最高评分标准。我们考虑三种制度。首先,这所学校的得分最高。然后,评分比赛将学生分为成就者集中和分散的落后者。这种影响扩展到对较低分位数的得分的限制。其次,学校通过调整平均得分上限来规范分数范围。在归一化时,较不灵活的课程的一阶分数随机地主导较不灵活的课程的分数。因此,所有学生都喜欢刚性课程。第三,学校要求对入学学生的平均分数进行评估,而不是对学生的代表性样本进行评估。然后,讲师停止争夺学生,这会导致效率低下。总体而言,我们表明,通过分级政策解决分级通货膨胀可能会产生不平等,僵化和效率低下的情况。然后,讲师停止争夺学生,这会导致效率低下。总体而言,我们表明,通过分级政策解决分级通货膨胀可能会产生不平等,僵化和效率低下的情况。然后,讲师停止争夺学生,这会导致效率低下。总体而言,我们表明,通过分级政策解决分级通货膨胀可能会产生不平等,僵化和效率低下的情况。
更新日期:2020-12-09
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