Effects of the COVID-19 shocks in the Japanese labor market vary across workers of different age groups, genders, employment types, education levels, occupations, and industries. We document heterogeneous changes in employment and earnings in response to the COVID-19 shocks, observed in various data sources during the initial months after the onset of the pandemic in Japan. We then feed these shocks into a life-cycle model of heterogeneous agents to quantify welfare consequences of the COVID-19 shocks. In each dimension of the heterogeneity, the shocks are amplified for those who earned less prior to the crisis. Contingent workers are hit harder than regular workers, younger workers than older workers, females than males, and workers engaged in social and non-flexible jobs than those in ordinary and flexible jobs. The most severely hurt by the COVID-19 shocks has been a group of female, contingent, low-skilled workers, engaged in social and non-flexible jobs and without a spouse of a different group.

COVID-19冲击在日本劳动力市场上的影响因年龄，性别，就业类型，教育程度，职业和行业的不同工人而异。我们记录了在日本大流行发生后的最初几个月中，在各种数据源中观察到的应对COVID-19冲击的就业和收入方面的不同变化。然后，我们将这些冲击输入异构代理的生命周期模型中，以量化COVID-19冲击的福利后果。在异质性的每个维度上，对于那些在危机之前收入较低的人来说，冲击都会加剧。临时工受到的打击比普通工人要重，青年工人比老年工人要重，女性比男性要重，从事社会和非弹性工作的工人比普通和弹性工作的工人受到的打击更大。