The present research demonstrates for the first time that the very same emotion can influence information processing and persuasion depending on the appraisal of the emotion that is highlighted. Across studies, we predicted and found that anger, surprise, and awe can each lead to relatively higher or lower levels of information processing depending on whether it is the appraisal of pleasantness/unpleasantness or the appraisal of confidence/doubt within each of these emotions that is salient. When individuals focus on the unpleasantness that accompanies anger, relatively higher levels of processing occur (as indicated by more argument quality discrimination in attitudes) compared to when angry individuals focus on the confidence appraisal. In the latter case they process information to a relatively lesser degree (as illustrated by reduced argument quality effects on attitudes). The opposite interaction beween appraisal and argument quality was found for relatively more pleassant but uncertain emotions, such as surprise and awe. These effects of emotion on information processing were mediated by changes in thought favorability, and led to behavioral consequences. Importantly, the present studies also specify under what conditions the appraisals of the same emotion influence persuasion by affecting processing or by influencing meta-cognitive processes such as thought validation (Briñol et al., 2018), with the timing of the inductions playing a critical role.

本研究首次证明，完全相同的情感可以根据突出显示的情感的评估影响信息处理和说服力。在所有研究中，我们预测并发现，愤怒，惊讶和敬畏会各自导致相对较高或较低的信息处理水平，这取决于是对每种情绪中的愉悦/不愉快的评价还是对信心/怀疑的评价。很明显。当个体专注于愤怒所带来的不愉快时，与愤怒个体专注于信心评估相比，发生相对较高的处理水平（如态度中更多的论据质量歧视所表明）。在后一种情况下，他们处理信息的程度相对较低（如论据质量对态度的影响降低）。评估和论证质量之间存在相反的交互作用，这是因为相对愉悦但不确定的情绪（例如惊喜和敬畏）引起的。情绪对信息处理的这些影响是由思想倾向的改变所介导的，并导致了行为后果。重要的是，本研究还指出了在何种条件下对同一种情感的评价会通过影响加工过程或通过影响元认知过程（例如思维验证）来影响说服力（Briñol等人，2018），诱导的时间起着至关重要的作用。角色。评估和论证质量之间存在相反的交互作用，这是因为相对愉悦但不确定的情绪（例如惊喜和敬畏）引起的。情绪对信息处理的这些影响是由思想倾向的改变所介导的，并导致了行为后果。重要的是，本研究还指出了在何种条件下对同一种情感的评价会通过影响加工过程或通过影响元认知过程（例如思维验证）来影响说服力（Briñol等人，2018），诱导的时间起着至关重要的作用。角色。评估和论证质量之间存在相反的交互作用，这是因为相对愉悦但不确定的情绪（例如惊喜和敬畏）引起的。情绪对信息处理的这些影响是由思想倾向的改变所介导的，并导致了行为后果。重要的是，本研究还指出了在何种条件下对同一种情感的评价会通过影响加工过程或通过影响元认知过程（例如思维验证）来影响说服力（Briñol等人，2018），诱导的时间起着至关重要的作用。角色。