Abstract

This paper focuses on Soviet practices and debates on money during the 1918–1921 period. In the first part, we briefly present the Bolshevik policy and discussions on eliminating money as a means of payments and calculation. In the second part, we outline in details A. Chayanov's model of in-kind accounting by making some comparisons with O. Neurath’s proposals for an economy in kind. The latter had a decisive influence on Soviet Russia. Finally, we conclude with some reflections on the role of these models for ecological economics, modern efficiency measuring and monetary theory.

中文翻译：

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不用钱计算。亚历山大·恰亚诺夫、奥托·纽拉特和苏联早期经验的实物核算理论

摘要

本文重点关注 1918 年至 1921 年期间苏联关于货币的做法和辩论。在第一部分中，我们简要介绍了布尔什维克政策和关于消除货币作为支付和计算手段的讨论。在第二部分，我们通过与 O. Neurath 的实物经济建议进行一些比较，详细概述了 A. Chayanov 的实物核算模型。后者对苏俄产生了决定性的影响。最后，我们对这些模型在生态经济学、现代效率衡量和货币理论中的作用进行了一些反思。