During the period spanning independence in 1822 to mid‐century, Brazil's south‐east shifted from specializing in the export of cane sugar to coffee. This article explores the mechanism underlying this shift by exploiting a wealth of new monthly data on the Brazilian and international coffee and cane sugar markets during the period 1827–40. It argues that the timing of the coffee boom was driven by a rapid increase in foreign market potential associated with the abolition of the tariff on coffee in the US. It estimates that American tariff reform served to increase coffee exports and African slave imports by around one‐fifth. American firms, with indirect links to the slave trade, rapidly became major players in the export market in Rio de Janeiro, while non‐American firms, traditionally specialized in continental European destinations, turned their sights on the American market.

中文翻译：

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巴西东南部咖啡的崛起：关税和国外市场潜力，1827–40†

在1822年独立至本世纪中叶的这段时期内，巴西的东南部从专门从事蔗糖向咖啡的出口转变。本文通过利用1827–40年间巴西和国际咖啡和蔗糖市场的大量新月度数据，探索了这一转变的潜在机制。它认为，咖啡繁荣的时机是由与取消美国咖啡关税有关的国外市场潜力快速增长所驱动的。它估计，美国的关税改革使咖啡出口和非洲奴隶进口增加了大约五分之一。与奴隶贸易有间接联系的美国公司迅速成为里约热内卢出口市场的主要参与者，而传统上专门服务于欧洲大陆目的地的非美国公司，