This meta‐analysis examined the effectiveness of an additional gloss mode in single versus dual and dual versus triple glossing on second language (L2) learners’ word learning. In total, 22 studies, providing 26 independent effect sizes, were coded, and 11 moderator variables including quality of data sample, learner variables, gloss features, text features, and methodological features were examined. The results show that the overall effect of an additional gloss mode was medium (g = 0.46) for immediate posttests and small (g = 0.28) for delayed posttests. However, analyses of moderator variables indicated that the effect of additional gloss modes is influenced by a range of variables related to learner (e.g., proficiency), gloss (e.g., language), text (e.g., narrative vs. expository), and research design (e.g., test format). Importantly, adding an additional mode to single textual gloss enhances vocabulary learning, whereas adding a mode to dual glossing does not result in significantly better vocabulary learning. The findings suggest that using more than two gloss modes is not necessary because it does not always lead to better learning of new words.

中文翻译：

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多模式词汇对第二语言词汇学习的功效：荟萃分析

这项荟萃分析研究了在第二语言（L2）学习者的单词学习中，单种，双种以及双重与三种形式的光泽度的附加光泽度模式的有效性。总共对22个研究进行了编码，提供了26个独立的效应量，并检查了11个主持人变量，包括数据样本的质量，学习者变量，光泽度特征，文本特征和方法论特征。结果表明，对于立即进行的后期测试，附加光泽模式的总体效果为中等（g = 0.46），而较小（g= 0.28）进行延迟的后期测试。但是，主持人变量的分析表明，其他修饰语模式的效果受与学习者（例如熟练程度），光泽度（例如语言），文本（例如叙述与说明）和研究设计相关的一系列变量的影响。 （例如测试格式）。重要的是，向单一文本光泽度添加其他模式可以增强词汇学习，而向双重光泽度添加模式不会带来明显更好的词汇学习。研究结果表明，不必使用两种以上的光泽模式，因为它并不总是可以更好地学习新单词。