Paradigmatic frameworks are central to philosophical and theoretical discussions of mixed methods research. This article argues that in mixed methods research, systems theory provides a paradigmatic stance that in some cases may be regarded as more suitable than other prominent paradigmatic stances, such as pragmatism. This article develops this argument by discussing the key terms within a distinguished understanding of pragmatism, from which a systems-theoretical alternative to mixed methods educational research is derived, comprising three main themes: (a) second-order observation as an alternative to abductive reasoning, (b) the distinction between system and environment as an alternative to intersubjectivity and (c) structural coupling as an alternative to the transferability of mixed methods research results. Throughout this article, the main arguments are elaborated with perspectives from educational research.

中文翻译：

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用系统理论加强混合方法的实用主义：来自教育研究的观点

范式框架是混合方法研究的哲学和理论讨论的核心。本文认为，在混合方法研究中，系统理论提供了一种范式立场，在某些情况下，这种立场可能被认为比其他突出的范式立场（如实用主义）更合适。本文通过讨论对实用主义的杰出理解中的关键术语来发展这一论点，从中得出混合方法教育研究的系统理论替代方案，包括三个主题：（a）二阶观察作为溯因推理的替代方案，（b）系统和环境之间的区别作为主体间性的替代方案和（c）结构耦合作为混合方法研究结果的可转移性的替代方案。在整篇文章中，