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The Ubiquity of State Fragility: Fault Lines in the Categorisation and Conceptualisation of Failed and Fragile States
Social & Legal Studies ( IF 1.790 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 , DOI: 10.1177/0964663920906453
Raza Saeed 1
Affiliation  

In the last three decades, the categories of fragile and failed states have gained significant importance in the fields of law, development, political science and international relations. The wider discourse plays a key role in guiding the policies of international community and multilateral institutions and has also led to the emergence of a plethora of indices and rankings to measure and classify state fragility. A critical and theoretical analysis of these matrices brings to light three crucial aspects that the current study takes as its departure point. First, the formulas and conceptual paradigms show that fragility of states is far more ubiquitous than is generally recognised, and that the so-called successful and stable states are a historical, political and geographical anomaly. Second, in the absence of an agreed definition of a successful state or even that of a failed or fragile state, the indicators generally rely on negative definitions to delineate the failed and fragile state. They generally suggest that their reading is built on a Weberian ideal–typical state, which takes the idea of monopoly over legitimate violence as its starting point. The third and final point suggests that the indicators and rankings, misconstruing the Weberian ideal–typical state, actually end up comparing fragile states against an ideal–mythical state. The article argues that this notional state is not only ahistorical and apolitical, but it also carries the same undertones that have been the hallmark of theories of linear development, colonialism and imperialism.

中文翻译:

国家脆弱性的普遍性:失败和脆弱国家的分类和概念化中的断层线

在过去的三年里,脆弱国家和失败国家的分类在法律、发展、政治科学和国际关系领域变得越来越重要。更广泛的话语在指导国际社会和多边机构的政策方面发挥着关键作用,也导致了大量衡量和分类国家脆弱性的指数和排名的出现。对这些矩阵的批判性和理论分析揭示了当前研究作为出发点的三个关键方面。首先,公式和概念范式表明,国家的脆弱性远比人们普遍认识到的要普遍得多,所谓成功和稳定的国家是历史、政治和地理上的异常。第二,在没有对成功国家或什至是失败或脆弱国家的商定定义的情况下,指标通常依靠否定定义来描述失败和脆弱国家。他们通常认为他们的阅读建立在韦伯式的理想-典型状态上,该状态以垄断合法暴力的思想为出发点。第三点也是最后一点表明,这些指标和排名曲解了韦伯的理想-典型状态,实际上最终将脆弱状态与理想-神话状态进行了比较。文章认为,这种概念上的国家不仅是非历史性和非政治性的,而且还带有线性发展、殖民主义和帝国主义理论的标志。这些指标通常依赖于消极的定义来描述失败和脆弱的状态。他们通常认为他们的阅读建立在韦伯式的理想-典型状态上,该状态以垄断合法暴力的思想为出发点。第三点也是最后一点表明,这些指标和排名曲解了韦伯的理想-典型状态,实际上最终将脆弱状态与理想-神话状态进行了比较。文章认为,这种概念上的国家不仅是非历史性和非政治性的,而且还带有线性发展、殖民主义和帝国主义理论的标志。这些指标通常依赖于消极的定义来描述失败和脆弱的状态。他们通常认为他们的阅读建立在韦伯式的理想-典型状态上,该状态以垄断合法暴力的思想为出发点。第三点也是最后一点表明,这些指标和排名曲解了韦伯的理想-典型状态,实际上最终将脆弱状态与理想-神话状态进行了比较。文章认为,这种概念上的国家不仅是非历史性和非政治性的,而且还带有线性发展、殖民主义和帝国主义理论的标志。它以垄断合法暴力的思想为出发点。第三点也是最后一点表明,这些指标和排名曲解了韦伯的理想-典型状态,实际上最终将脆弱状态与理想-神话状态进行了比较。文章认为,这种概念上的国家不仅是非历史性和非政治性的,而且还带有线性发展、殖民主义和帝国主义理论的标志。它以垄断合法暴力的思想为出发点。第三点也是最后一点表明,这些指标和排名曲解了韦伯的理想-典型状态,实际上最终将脆弱状态与理想-神话状态进行了比较。文章认为,这种概念上的国家不仅是非历史性和非政治性的,而且还带有线性发展、殖民主义和帝国主义理论的标志。
更新日期:2020-02-27
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