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Penguins, Birds, and Pilot Knowledge: Can an Overlooked Attribute of Human Cognition Explain Our Most Puzzling Aircraft Accidents?
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1177/0018720820960877
Richard Clewley 1 , Jim Nixon 1
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE We extend the theory of conceptual categories to flight safety events, to understand variations in pilot event knowledge. BACKGROUND Experienced, highly trained pilots sometimes fail to recognize events, resulting in procedures not being followed, damaging safety. Recognition is supported by typical, representative members of a concept. Variations in typicality ("gradients") could explain variations in pilot knowledge, and hence recognition. The role of simulations and everyday flight operations in the acquisition of useful, flexible concepts is poorly understood. We illustrate uses of the theory in understanding the industry-wide problem of nontypical events. METHOD One hundred and eighteen airline pilots responded to scenario descriptions, rating them for typicality and indicating the source of their knowledge about each scenario. RESULTS Significant variations in typicality in flight safety event concepts were found, along with key gradients that may influence pilot behavior. Some concepts were linked to knowledge gained in simulator encounters, while others were linked to real flight experience. CONCLUSION Explicit training of safety event concepts may be an important adjunct to what pilots may variably glean from simulator or operational flying experiences, and may result in more flexible recognition and improved response. APPLICATION Regulators, manufacturers, and training providers can apply these principles to develop new approaches to pilot training that better prepare pilots for event diversity.

中文翻译:

企鹅、鸟类和飞行员知识:人类认知中被忽视的属性能否解释我们最令人费解的飞机事故?

目标 我们将概念类别理论扩展到飞行安全事件,以了解飞行员事件知识的变化。背景技术有经验的、训练有素的飞行员有时无法识别事件,导致不遵循程序,从而损害安全。识别是由一个概念的典型的、有代表性的成员支持的。典型性(“梯度”)的变化可以解释飞行员知识的变化,从而解释识别。人们对模拟和日常飞行操作在获得有用、灵活的概念方面的作用知之甚少。我们说明了该理论在理解非典型事件的行业范围问题中的用途。方法 118 名航空公司飞行员对情景描述做出回应,对他们的典型性进行评级,并指出他们对每个场景的知识来源。结果发现飞行安全事件概念的典型性存在显着差异,以及可能影响飞行员行为的关键梯度。一些概念与在模拟器中获得的知识有关,而另一些则与真实的飞行经验有关。结论 安全事件概念的明确培训可能是飞行员从模拟器或操作飞行经验中收集到的信息的重要辅助手段,并可能导致更灵活的识别和改进的响应。应用 监管机构、制造商和培训提供者可以应用这些原则来开发飞行员培训的新方法,从而更好地为飞行员准备事件多样性。结果发现飞行安全事件概念的典型性存在显着差异,以及可能影响飞行员行为的关键梯度。一些概念与在模拟器中获得的知识有关,而另一些则与真实的飞行经验有关。结论 安全事件概念的明确培训可能是飞行员从模拟器或操作飞行经验中收集到的信息的重要辅助手段,并可能导致更灵活的识别和改进的响应。应用 监管机构、制造商和培训提供者可以应用这些原则来开发飞行员培训的新方法,从而更好地为飞行员准备事件多样性。结果发现飞行安全事件概念的典型性存在显着差异,以及可能影响飞行员行为的关键梯度。一些概念与在模拟器中获得的知识有关,而另一些则与真实的飞行经验有关。结论 安全事件概念的明确培训可能是飞行员从模拟器或操作飞行经验中收集到的信息的重要辅助手段,并可能导致更灵活的识别和改进的响应。应用 监管机构、制造商和培训提供者可以应用这些原则来开发飞行员培训的新方法,从而更好地为飞行员准备事件多样性。而其他人则与真实的飞行体验有关。结论 安全事件概念的明确培训可能是飞行员从模拟器或操作飞行经验中收集到的信息的重要辅助手段,并可能导致更灵活的识别和改进的响应。应用 监管机构、制造商和培训提供者可以应用这些原则来开发飞行员培训的新方法,从而更好地为飞行员准备事件多样性。而其他人则与真实的飞行体验有关。结论 安全事件概念的明确培训可能是飞行员从模拟器或操作飞行经验中收集到的信息的重要辅助手段,并可能导致更灵活的识别和改进的响应。应用 监管机构、制造商和培训提供者可以应用这些原则来开发飞行员培训的新方法,从而更好地为飞行员准备事件多样性。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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