Past studies have reported memory differences between monolingual and bilingual infants (Brito & Barr, 2012; Singh, Fu, Rahman, Hameed, Sanmugam, Agarwal, Jiang, Chong, Meaney & Rifkin-Graboi, 2015). A common critique within the bilingualism literature is the absence of socioeconomic indicators and/or a lack of socioeconomic diversity among participants. Previous research has demonstrated robust bilingual differences in memory generalization from 6- to 24-months of age. The goal of the current study was to examine if these findings would replicate in a sample of 18-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds (N = 92). Results indicate no differences between language groups on working memory or cued recall, but significant differences for memory generalization, with bilingual infants outperforming monolingual infants regardless of socioeconomic status (SES). These findings replicate and extend results from past studies (Brito & Barr, 2012; Brito, Sebastián-Gallés & Barr, 2015) and suggest possible differential learning patterns dependent on linguistic experience.

中文翻译：

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婴儿期双语和记忆泛化之间的关联：社会经济地位重要吗？

过去的研究报告了单语和双语婴儿之间的记忆差异（Brito & Barr, 2012; Singh, Fu, Rahman, Hameed, Sanmugam, Agarwal, Jiang, Chong, Meaney & Rifkin-Graboi, 2015）。双语文献中的一个常见批评是缺乏社会经济指标和/或参与者之间缺乏社会经济多样性。先前的研究表明，从 6 个月到 24 个月大的记忆泛化能力存在明显的双语差异。本研究的目的是检验这些发现是否会在来自不同社会经济背景的 18 个月大的单语和双语婴儿样本中重复（N = 92）。结果表明，语言组之间在工作记忆或线索回忆方面没有差异，但在记忆泛化方面存在显着差异，无论社会经济地位如何（SES），双语婴儿的表现都优于单语婴儿。这些发现复制并扩展了过去研究的结果 (Brito & Barr, 2012; Brito, Sebastián-Gallés & Barr, 2015)，并提出了可能取决于语言经验的差异学习模式。