Gene therapy is a novel therapeutic method and widely used for treating numerous diseases. However, the utilization of suitable materials for specifically and effectively delivering therapeutic oligonucleotides (ODNs) into a targeted site remains a great challenge. Regarding this, by possessing the capabilities of high loading rate, good stability, targeting ability and biological barrier penetration, peptide-based nanomaterials are developing rapidly and becoming a new trend in the application of gene therapy. In this review, a variety of peptide-based nanomaterials designed for gene therapy are briefly demonstrated, focusing on their main constituents in terms of three aspects: (1) small molecules, (2) nanoparticles and (3) polymers. Using peptide-based nanomaterials, a controlled gene delivery process can be achieved and directly monitored in a real-time mode. In future work, different designs of peptide-based nanomaterials need to be explored for higher gene transfection efficiency and a better therapeutic effect. In the end, some challenges and deficiencies are mentioned for bringing more attention to accelerate the research of peptide-based nanomaterials.

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用于基因治疗的基于肽的纳米材料

基因疗法是一种新颖的治疗方法，广泛用于治疗多种疾病。然而，利用合适的材料来特异性和有效地将治疗性寡核苷酸（ODN）递送至靶位仍然是巨大的挑战。对此，基于肽的纳米材料具有高载量，良好的稳定性，靶向性和生物屏障穿透能力，因此发展迅速，并成为基因治疗应用的新趋势。在这篇综述中，简要展示了设计用于基因治疗的多种基于肽的纳米材料，重点从三个方面着眼于其主要成分：（1）小分子，（2）纳米颗粒和（3）聚合物。使用基于肽的纳米材料，可以实现受控的基因传递过程并以实时模式直接监控。在未来的工作中，需要探索基于肽的纳米材料的不同设计，以获得更高的基因转染效率和更好的治疗效果。最后，提到了一些挑战和不足，以引起更多关注，以加速基于肽的纳米材料的研究。